Harper's Weekly 1886-01-16: Vol 30 Iss 1517

1516.

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‘Vou. XXX.—No. 1517.
Copyright, 1886, by Harper & Broruens.

NEW YORK, SATURDAY, JANUARY 16, 1886.

TEN CENTS A COPY.
$4.00 PER YEAR, IN ADVANCE.

MAYOR’S MESSAGE.

‘‘Regardless of threats, regardless sometimes of ad-
verse criticism from parties who do not understand the
true facts, I have given no quarter the last year to any
who have abused the trusts confided to them, and with

such an emphatic indorsement from my fellow-citizens _-

I feel encouraged to go on with the work. Political a a a

tricksters who have merely some selfish» purpose to grati-

fy will receive no countenance from me, no matter what ' —

party they may be identified with for the time being. VW a ie

It is by yielding to these men on account of the few ee ee eee

votes they coutrol that municipal governments in all ee.

the large cities of the country bave become a synonym : — a aoe

for waste and extravagance and corruption. * * * If 2 S=aaaqa

political parties make combinations with men whose mo- |
rality and integrity are questionable, such combinations =

should be discouraged and discountenanced by every
good citizen. If no quarter is given to men who have
no moral principle behind them, who connect themsel ves
with leading parties merely for plunder, they will soon
be stamped out, and the business of the city will be con-
ducted, like any other large corporation, on business
principles.”

Hva@u O'BRIEN, Mayor of Boston.

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to our journal as the well-known Monthly is to our inagazines.”"—
Land Water, London.

HARPER’S YOUNG PEOPLE,
An Week

The current number, dated January 12,is an unusually interest.
ing and attractive one. The opening chapters of the new serial by
Mrs. Linus, announced in this column last week, are illustrated by
a front-page engraving after a drawing by W.T.Suepisr. The
sure artist aleo contributes a full-page illustration of the

NEW YORK ATHLETIC CLUB,
accom ing which is an article by Ropxrt Briwers, entitled “A
and what can done without it.”

“Tom Fairweather at Pulo-Penang and Si by Lirv-
rxnant E. W. Srurpr, U.S.N.; “ Zommy the Cow-Boy,” by R. K.
Monxrrraick ; and “ Senor Giacomelli’s Performing Birds,” by
Henry Harton, the well-known magician, are among the other lit-
evary contents of the number.

Hanprnr’s YOUNG Prope, $2 00 per
A specimen copy of Harpsr’s Youna will be sent on re-
ceipt of four cents in postage stamps.

HARPER'S WEEKLY.

New York, Sarurpay, January 16, 1886.

POST-OFFICE CHANGES.

HE great patronage department of the govern-
ment, measured by the number of places and
their general distribution throughout the country,
is the Post-office. It is through the Post-office that
the Administration is known and felt in every little
community, and the Post-office in its extended rami-
fication has been the most efficient political organiza-
tion of a party in power. One of the worst abuses
of patronage is the subsidizing of local newspapers
by appointing the editor or proprietor a postmaster.
This is but a form of securing party support by brib-
ery. A paper which is under pecuniary or other ob-
ligation to an Administration can hardly be fair in its
comments upon it. This was an early abuse of Post-
office patronage, and it is of course very serviceable
to the member of Congress. In any case, however,
the management of the 52,000 or 53,000 post-offices of
every grade, ranging from the frontier office where it
is difficult to find a proper person who is willing to
undertake the responsibilities and the duties for the
inadequate remuneration, up to the great city offices,
is an extremely difficult and perplexing problem.
Every day the Postmaster-General is required to act
upon vacancies arising from death, resignation, or
other cause in remote parts of the country, of which
he knows nothing, and no resident of which is known
to him. It is from this situation that the practice
has arisen of consulting the member of Congress from
the district which includes the particular post-office.
This is a most pernicious practice, not only because
it confounds the two spheres of executive and legisla-
tive action, which are jealously separated by our po-
litical system, but because, also, of the inevitable cor-
ruption and demoralization which it produces.

Under this abuse the present practice is to regard
the great multitude of post-offices in a district as the
virtual property of the district Representative in Con-
gress. to be allotted as he chooses. It isa power which
the Constitution carefully omits to confer upon him,
and which he uses in the district to further his own
purposes, and at the capital to drive bargains with
the department. If the department does not gratify
the Representative, the Representative will remember
it when he comes to vote upon the appropriations for
the department. The Postmaster-General, therefore,
is compelled by the present practice to consult those
whose advice he is equally compelled to distrust.
This is a peculiar perplexity to the existing Adminis-
tration. It is notorious and frankly admitted that
great numbers of the smaller post-offices have been
for many years partisan head-quarters. In all such
instancés there should be a change. But it may be
fairly assumed that to make a change in pursuance
of the advice of a member of Congress, or local com-
mittee, or politicians of the other party, would be a
change which would only perpetuate and aggravate
the evil. . The Presidential offices have been equally
abused, and in,the same way, while the Presidential
choice of a successor to the offender is no less embar-
rassed than that of the Postmaster-General. To fol-
low the advice of a Senator like Senator GORMAN, of
Maryland, or of a Representative who holds, as most
Representatives do hold, to the old system, is certain-
ly not to promote reform, but to discredit and perplex
it. This situation is put in a strong light by the late
letter in the Tribune of Mr. FouLKE, of Indiana, re-
cently an Independent Republican Senator in that
State,and a Mugwump in 1884 at serious personal
cost. Aroused by the suspensions and changes in
post-offices in his State, he wrote to 193 suspended
officers in Indiana and to 102 elsewhere, and received
159 replies. There were some resignations and expi-
rations of terms, but 136 of his correspondents gave
him the information that he sought. In all but two
cases the suspension had been summary, without state-
ment of cause, or opportunity to hear or refute charges.
The closest inquiry revealed generally the fact that

HARPER'S WEEKLY.

the displacement had been effected by secret machi-
nations, of which the member of Congress was often
or usually the agent. In very many cases, if not
generally, the successors were strong partisans of the
other party.

Such changes, of course, and such methods of effect-
ing them, are not in accordance with the principle of
regarding public office as a public trust, and they are
fatal to reform. No officer should be suspended or
removed for offensive partisanship upon the mere se-
cret assertion of other interested offensive partisans.
Mr. FouLkE reports the President as saying that it is
impracticable to inform postmasters of the charges
upon which they are suspended. The President must
have been misapprehended, because he would not say
that it is impracticable to do justice. The difficulties
in all such cases are undoubtedly great, but that is

. not a reason for violation of the fundamental princi-

ple that a good officer shall not be displaced during
his term. Nor ought any sincere friend of reform to
regard a wrong system of effecting removals as some-
thing to be overlooked and condoned because of the
undoubted fact that there will be mistakes, and that
everything can not be done at once. There will be

. mistakes undoubtedly, for which every reasonable al-

lowance will be made. But a plainly unfair system
of procedure is not an exceptional mistake. There are
two things of which the Administration is bound to
make sure: one is that no postmaster shall be suspend-
ed without an opportunity to hear and answer charges,
and the other that offensive Republicans shall not be
replaced by offensive Democrats. We know that of-
fensiveness is a term applicable to abuse of the office
which can not be proved but by experience. But asa
question of expediency, if the Administration replaces
a Republican blatant in office by a Democrat blatant
out of office, and a man of exactly the same kind, the
verdict of the community affected will not be favor-
able to the reform character of the Administration.
The President states to the special correspondent of
the Herald that he proposes to respect the great con-
stitutional rights both of his own office and of that
of members of Congress. But this can be done only
by repelling with decision the interference of mem-
bers of Congress in dictating appointments to post-
offices and other executive agencies. They should
be made to understand that their interference is an
intolerable impertinence. They are to make laws,
and the President is to execute them, selecting the
executive agents as the Constitution and the laws
prescribe. If any member of Congress wishes to test
public sentiment upon the question, let him intro-
duce a bill giving the appointment of postmasters in
a district to its member of Congress. Yet that is the
present practice without law, and it should be forbid-
den. The principle of Senator HAMpToNn’s bill is per-
fectly sound.

A NOVELTY IN INTERNATIONAL COMITY.,

IF a great body of British subjects should organize a
league to collect a fund to pay the expenses of a large
number of members of Congress in Washington
whose avowed purpose was a radical change in the
Constitution of this country and of the internal re-
lations of the Union, there would be ‘‘a state of
things” in a general uproar about wicked British gold
and a vehement denunciation of British insolence
and impertinence. There is no doubt that strong
pressure would be applied to tlre Administration to
demand an explanation of so extraordinary an inter-
ference of foreigners in our domestic affairs. This is,
however, just what the Parnell Parliamentary Fund
Association and similar societies are doing in this
country. They are collecting money for the support
of members of Parliament whoare vledged to demand,
and if possible to secure,certain British legislation in-
volving a constitutional reconstruction of the empire.
If a body of British subjects should raise a fund to
support free-trade members of Congress at Washing-
ton, they would do precisely what these aid societies
are doing. |

There is, indeed, no law prohibiting any class of
American citizens from voluntarily contributing
money for any purpose, not criminal, and sending it
to any Frenchman or Irishman or Englishman whom
they may select. Such a tribute to Mr. HERBERT
SPENCER, to HuxXLEy, to Lord TENNYSON, or to any
beneficiary in England who might be named, would
be only like the British fund which is proposed as a
mark of respect to Mr. W aLT WHITMAN in thiscountry.
It produces nothing but a generous and friendly in-
ternational feeling. A similar tribute might be of-
fered by American admirers to Mr. GLADSTONE, Mr.
PARNELL, or Lord SaLisBurRy. But an American
fund to pay Mr. PaRNELL’s or Lord SALISBURY’S elec-
tion expenses, or to support him as a member of Par-
liament for a particular political purpose involving
the integrity of the empire, and among the subscribers
to which, or its public supporters, should be an ex-
President and the present Governor of New York, al-
though not forbidden by the law, would not be a
movement which savored of comity toward England,
and it would be sure to be resented by public feeling
in that country. It is very unfortunate that this
country should be made by any class of citizens the

VOLUME XXX., NO. 1517.

pecuniary base of political movements in another,
and it is a gross abuse of the spirit and purpose of
our laws that any one should seek naturalization
here in order to take part with greater impunity in
political conflicts elsewhere.

It can hardly give moral weight to the position of
a member of Parliament that he is known to have
been imposed as a candidate upon his constituency
by a committee or a dictator, and to be supported in
his position as a member by the money of citizens of
another country. It is a position which would not
satisfy the self-respect of many poor men quite wor-
thy to be members of Parliament, and the movement
is one which deserves attention as an anomaly in in-
ternational relations.

THE AMERICAN OPERA.

THE opening night of the American opera in New
York was an event of great interest and promise. The
enterprise originated in the conviction that the time
had come when a school for opera could be sustained
as hopefully in America as in Europe, and that with
the opportunities and advantages in New York, there
is no reason that students of operatic music should
not find as thorough and admirable a training here as
anywhere in the world. It was, of course, taken into
the account that much of the musical taste and ac-
complishment which make such a plan feasible is to
be found among foreign-born Americans, especially
among Germans. It was also probable that teachers
might be invited from Europe. But it was believed
that by intelligent and vigorous treatment of the sit-
uation an American operatic school could be founded
successfully which would make New York an inde-
pendent centre of such music, like Paris or Berlin or
Vienna.

THEODORE THOMAS was naturally invoked as the
tutelary genius of the undertaking, and his extraordi-
nary intelligence and energy and administrative skill
have worked the chaos into cosmos—as CARLYLE said
of TENNYsSON—and produced the promising result of
the opening evening. The opera selected was the
Taming of the Shrew, by HERMAN GOETZ, which
was brought out at Mannheim in 1874, and was at
once successful. The composer died two years aft-
erward. He is known in our concerts by a sym-
phony, and the opera made a delightful impression.
If there was no single singer of surpassing excel-
lence, there was not only a carefully trained and ex-
cellent company, but there was also the assurance
of adequate local support of great singers when
they appear, and in the mean time of admirable oper-
atic performances. This, as the Times well points
out, is the precise point at which foreign cities have
hitherto surpassed New York. The great singers can
always be procured. But, as has been proved in New
York, they can not always be supported. The new —
school not only secures this result, which is indispen-
sable to good opera, but it furnishes for the great
singers, when they are born in this country, the com-
plete education which they require, and every external
condition of success.

The spectacle of the opening night was very brill-
iant, and the good feeling unmistakable. If the be-
ginning is favored by fashion, and if fashion is pro-
verbially fickle, and if mere national feeling and pride
can not sustain such an enterprise permanently, it is
to be remembered that it is not upon such supports
that the American opera relies. Its dependence is pre-
cisely that of Irvina’s drama, thoroughness in every
circumstance and detail. The same attention to care-
ful preparation and presentation which, without a
single remarkable actor, made the Merchant of Venice
by Mr. IRVING’s company a memorable and constantly
attractive performance, will secure public favor for
the American opera. It is an enterprise upon the
fair prospect of which the ladies and gentlemen who
have undertaken it are to be warmly congratulated,
and which bids fair to be another of those happy
events in our musical progress for which we are s0
greatly indebted to THEODORE THOMAS.

THE ADMINISTRATION AND THE INDIANS.

THE importance of the Indian question is evident
from the report of Secretary Lamar. It has been
generally held that the Indians must be hustled off
their lands as fast as white men wanted them, and
that the true key-note of our policy is that a dead In-
dian is the best Indian. But the humanity of the
country, which has so long slumbered over this im-
portant question, involving the national character
and honor, is now thoroughly aroused, and the firm
and just attitude of the President in dealing with the
depredators upon the solemnly guaranteed rights of
the Indians is warmly approved. The Indian Ring,
in its various ramifications, has not been able to con-
fuse or mislead him, and there is a bright prospect —
that a policy worthy of the nation will be laid down
aud enforced by his Administration.

Secretary LAMAR says distinctly that the practice
of moving the Indians farther away is possible no
longer. All the reservations are surrounded by civ-
ilization, so called, and the Secretary says of the In-
dian: ‘‘He must make his final stand for existence

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VT TS * @egdt *

JANUARY 16, 1886.

where he is now. Unless he can adapt himself to the
necessities of these new conditions, his extinction will
be sure and swift.” The condition of such adaptation
is separation from the demoralization of the whites, and
regard for the actual condition of the tribes. They
are in widely different stages of civilization, and no
single system can be applied to them indiscriminately
and atthe sametime. General SHERIDAN admits that
his scheme of allotting a tract of 320 acres to each
Indian family, and selling the rest of the reserva-
tions at $1 25 per acre, and investing the proceeds to
furnish. a fund for support of the Indians, can be
‘‘ most advantageously applied gradually.” But the
government is bound to regard the Indians as wards,
and even to defend them against themselves. It is
not enough that their consent should be the condition
of depriving them of their lands. The history of the
country is full of instruction as to the methods of ob-
taining that consent. Secretary LaAMAR’s remark is
sagacious and timely. ‘‘ Keeping the Indian reserva-
tions from the settlements of white men is a policy
which, in my opinion, should be more rigidly en-
forced.”

The bill introduced by Senator Van Wyck, of Ne-
braska, proposes a Territorial government over the
whole Indian Territory, and, as it says, without im-
pairing the rights of the Indians to open certain parts
of the lands to settlement. But it is impossible to do
this without injuring the rights and preventing the
civilization of the Indians. They are powerless
against the United States. They have no possible
hope but in the national honor. The nation prac-
tically holds their lands in trust for the Indians them-
selves. Their sole chance against extermination lies
in adapting themselves to civilization, and this must
be done under the sympathetic care of the United
States and upon the lands where they are settled.
This seems to be plainly perceived by the Administra-
tion, and its wise treatment of the question would be
another strong title to the respect and confidence of
all good citizens.

THE HARRIS COLLECTION OF POETRY.

THE Rev. J. C. STOCKBRIDGE is engaged in the interest-
ing work of cataloguing the gift of the late Senator AN-
THUONY, of Rhode Island, to the library of his alma mater,
Brown University. This gift comprises the well-known
Harris Collection of American Poetry, which takes its
name from Mr. CALEB HarRIs, of Providence, who largely
increased it, but which was begun by ALBERT G. GREENE,
and completed to the time of his death by Senator ANTHO-
NY, and which now comprises between five and six thou-
sand different “ titles.”

Mr. GREENE, who died a few years since in Cleveland,
was for many years one of the chief—perhaps the chief—rep-
resentative of purely literary interests in Providence. He
was Municipal Judge, and diligent in his office, but he was
also a bibliophile and a man of much literar? accomplish-
ment, with a charming gift of versification. The only
copy of his verses which is sure of a long date, however, is
“Old Grimes is dead, that good old man”—a happy echo of
GOLDSMITH’s “ Madame Blaize.” Mr.GREENE’s library was
noted for its treasures of American poetry, and reached the
number of nearly twenty thousand volumes before his death.
Mr. GOWANS in New York and other collectors in the coun-
try reserved for it every fresh “ find” in the special charac-
ter of the library.

When this library was sold, Mr. Fiskk bought such part
of the American poetry as, with similar tastes and ample
means, he had not already procnred, and at his death, upon
the sale of his books, this portion was secured by Senator
ANTHONY, who gave it to the college. Mr. STOCKBRIDGE
contemplates what may be called an instructive catalogue,
with such notes and remarks as may reveal its character
and scope, making, in fact, a curious and valuable survey
of that branch of American literature. A limited number
ouly will be issued, and the list of subscribers is nearly
full. The work can not fail to be a very curious and in-
teresting addition to our literature.

NEWSPAPER LYING.

THE President’s letter to Mr. KEPPLER, of Puck, has nat-
urally excited a great deal of attention, and has been de-
scribed as a general denunciation of the press. But that
is &@ gross misrepresentation. ‘The letter is a strong ex-
pression of disgust from a strong man who knows by expe-
rience how much “pewspaper lying” there is. We differ
from the President, who thinks that it was never “more
general and mean” than it is now. It was much more so
in regard to him, for instance, in 1884 than it was in 1885.

There is no doubt, however, that upon all political sub-
jects, which occupy so large a space in newspapers, the
party organs upon both sides are much more anxious to
produce a party effect in discussing the news than to ascer-
tain the truth. The active presumption in every Repub-
lican newspaper editorial room is that the Democrats are
something incarvate, and vicé versa. The party organ on
either side does not wish to praise its political opponent or
the acts of an administration of the other party; for why,
theu, should it urge that both be turned out upon the gen-
eral ground that everybody and everything outside of its
own party pale is hypocritical, treacherous, and dangerous
to the common welfare?

The President’s vigorons and uncompromising state-
ment of a feeling which is very general shows indirectly
how the press abandous its true function in wearing a
mere party yoke. Every public officer should be able to
feel that the criticisms of the press are honest, and made
in the interest of the public. But it is plain that the com-
nents of a press of either party which a public man sees to
be generally false and mean can have no influence with

It is in vain to try to make President CLEVELAND'S

HARPER’S WEEKLY.

letter appear to be a general diatribe against the press.
He says that newspaper lying was never more.general.
But to qualify that remark as too strong a generalization
is not to deny that there is immense newspaper lying.

THE ALBANY ‘* EXPRESS.”

Mr. 8. N. D. NoRTH is announced as the editor and part
proprietor of the Albany EHzpress, a journal which, under
the editorial control of Mr. CHaRLEs E. SMITH, subsequent-
ly of the Hvening Journal, and now of the Philadelphia Press,
became one of the able and important papers of the State.
Mr. NORTH is an accomplished and experienced journalist
and a shrewd student of public affairs, who has been long
the chief assistant of Mr. ELLis H. RoBErts in the conduct
of the Utica Herald, and he is sigually qualified for his new
post. The Ezpress will be a Republican journal, but, we
presume, an advocate of Republican principles rather than
@ mere party organ pledged to uphold and defend what-
ever is done in the name of Republicanism. Such a paper
must sometimes become the severest censor of party action,
and it can be of the highest service in a political capital
like Albany.

THE MAYORS’ MESSAGES,

THE opening of the political year brings many messages
of Governors and Mayors, and the most striking fact in all
of them is the evident change of public opinion which they
reflect in regard to the just limits of party administration.
Mayor Low’s four years’ service in Brooklyn marks a mem-
orable epoch, for it has demonstrated that municipal gov-
ernment may be kept free from party to the great advan-
tage of the community. His successor, Mayor WHITNEY,
although elected as a Democrat, evidently feels that his
aiministration must follow in-the line traced by Mayor
Low’s, or that he will suffer by the contrast.

In Boston, the similar firm and sensible independent
course of Mayor O’BRIEN, an Irishman, a Roman Catholic,
and a Democrat, hus been so satisfactory to the people that
he was re-elected by an unusually large majority, includ-
ing a considerable Republican vote.

He says in his Message:

“Political tricksters who have merely some selfish purpose to
gratify will receive no countenance from me, no matter what party
they may be identified with for the time being. It is by yielding
to these men on account of the few votes they control that munici-
pal governments in all the large cities of the country have be-
come a synonym for waste and extravagance and corruption.
This is strong language, but I know that every word of it is true.”

And he adds:

“If political parties put unscrupulous men to the front, they
ought to be voted down. If political parties make combinations
with men whose morality and integrity are questionable, such
combinations should be discouraged and discountenanced by every
good vitizen. If no quarter is given to men who have no moral
principle behind them, who connect themselves with leading par-
ties merely for plunder, they will soon be stamped out, and the
business of the city will be conducted, like any other large corpo-
ration, on business principles.”

Mayor Gracr’s message in New York, in the same spirit,
highly commends the reformed system of appointment in
the municipal service, which he has faithfully enforced.
Upon this point the three Mayors, Mr. Low, who retires,
and Mr.O’BRIEN and Mr. GRACE, all of whom speak from ex-
perience, are unanimous, and they will be hardly ridiculed
as sentimentalists, or political Pharisees and purists. Their
remarks leave the unhappy defenders of the theory that
the public service is properly the spoils of a party in a still
more forlorn position.

GOVERNOR HILL’S MESSAGE.

THE Message of Goveruor HILL contains much informa-
tion about State affairs, many recommendations, and many
fine sentiments. The Governor favors the separation of
municipal and State elections, and also of the Police Depart-
ment and the Bureau of Elections. He re$#mmends the
abolition of useless municipal offices, and the reduction of
salaries. He would have a special commission to prepare
a new charter providing for home rule and the election of
many local officers who are now appointed. The Governor
criticises the course of the Superintendent of State-prisons
in having regard only to pecuniary considerations in his
arrangemeut of labor, and urges a settled policy providing
for the diversification of trades so as not to compete with
outside labor, and for the sale of products at ruling outside
prices only. But he does not recommend any policy, and
his reflections are unjust upon the Superintendent, whose
report is a very valuable contribution toward a sound
prison-labor policy.

Governor HILL renews the recommendation of the aboli-
tion of the Board of Regents of the University, and the
transfer of their functions to the Department of Public In-
struction; also of the State boards of Charities and of
Health, and the Commission on the State Survey, their re-
spective duties to be vested in a Commissioner of Charities,
a Health Commissioner, and the State Engineer and Sur-
veyor—propositions of which we shall have something to
say hereafter.

But what must have been the dismay of the “ Jefferso-
nians” upon reading the excellent sentiments of Governor
HILL iu regard to civil service reform! The Governor's re-
mark that “ the undue thirst for office and the unrestrain-
ed power of distributing patronage are the most potent
factors in the oppression of the people and the overthrow of
popular liberty”—a sentence worthy of the Reform League
—must have been astounding and inexplicable to the true
Jeffersonian, until he probably detected a solemu wink in
the Gubernatorial eye, as the Governor suggests that “a
sufficient number of names of eligivle persons—possibly the
entire list—should be certified to an appointing officer to af-
ford a reasonable discretion in selection.” We do not know
a single shrewd opponent of the reformed .system who is
not of the same opinion. Let the change be made, and re-
form receives its death-blow. It is evident that Governor
HILL’s fine sentiments must be read carefully to the end,
aud cousidered in the light of the views of his most ardent
supporters, Mr. BURKE COCHRAN aud the other sages of
Tammany Hall.

85

PERSONAL.

Tue first Ladies’ Reception of the Fencers’ Club last. winter
brought together a distinguished representation of fashionable so-
ciety, and was in general so successful that the club has determined
to hold another one on the 23d of January, from 4 to 6,o’clock
p.m. ll fencers believe that the practice of their art is an ex-
cellent exercise for young ladies, not less than for men, and Cap-
tain Hippotyre Nicovas, the instructor at the club, is an enthusi-
astic promulgator of this doctrine. He’ teaches the art of fencing
after simple and natural methods, believing with Moire that it
consists in “ touching and not being touched.” The reception will
be under the auspices of the Executive Committee, consisting of
Messrs. Henry Cuauncey, Jun., J. Cormman Drayton, Amory 58.
Carnart, M. M. How.anp, Cuaxces De Kay, J. Muaray
Kareicx Riees, Georce L. Rives, and 8. Montgomery Roosrve tr.

—Mr. Pour B. Perry, an American, has written a symphonic
march, which he has dedicated to Herr Wi.neLm Jann, Director of
the Vienna Royal Opera, and a “Theodora Mazurka,” which he
has inscribed to the German actress Cuartotre Froun. The
Vienna Ertrablatt says: ‘“ These beautiful compositions, so rich in
melody, bespeak for this talented composer a very brilliant future.”

—Ex-Mayor Low, who is a graduate and honor man of Colum-
bia College, has been exerting himself in behalf of the library of
that institution. At his suggestion Mr. A. A. Low, nis father, has
given $5000 for that purpose. Mr. Low,.now in his seventy-fifth
year and in excellent health, has contributed very liberally to the
library of Salem, Massachusetts, his native place; and one of his
personal friends said recently that there is not a charitable insti-
tution of note in the city of Brooklyn which has not been the ob-
ject of his generosity. The new hospital which he is now
erecting in that city in memory of his deceased daughter will
cost over $40,000. Mr. Low is not in the habit of speaking of his
charities, and even his business partners do not know of them,
except through the newspapers. &

—A recent writer notices the fact that although the present
century has been, par excellence, the century of science, vet it has
given birth to the marvellous imaginations of Scorr, Byroy, Keats,
SHELLEY, CaRLYLE, TENNYSON, BrowninG, ARNOLD, Leoparp1, Vic-
tor Hugo, Tourev&nerr, and Herte, which shows, he thinks, that
whatever may be the disenchantment of science, it covers too small
a field te beat back the imagination of man.

—Mr. James Russett Lowe has been elected an honorary
member of the Authors’ Club, and Mr. Tuzopore Rooseve.t and
Mr. Witt Carueton have also been added to the membership. —

—Some of the brightest letters written to the daily press are
those signed by Mrs. Custer, in the Chicago 7ribune. They are
bright as a bright woman’s conversation, full of color and detail,
breezy and stimulating. Mrs. Custer first became known as a
writer by her delightful volume Boots and Saddles, which has
charmed many thousands of readers on both sides of the Atlantic.

—The Mikado at the Fifth Avenue Theatre, now in ita twenty-
first week, causes admiration, among other things, for the delicacy
and softness of the hues of the dresses worn by the chorus girls,
the effect being almost as delicious as that of the — blues and ©
greens seen sometimes in our winter sky at sunset. It is notice-
able that when singing the song about “the merry madrigal,”
Pooh-Bah pronounces the word “ madrigaul,” but Yum-Yum, who
is an American, says “madrigél.” Her poses during the song
“The flowers that bloom in the spring”’ are extremely noticeable
for their ease, variety, and beauty. Miss Gerautpine ULMar is
Yum-Yum.

—Mr. Ruskin having recently declared that Maria Ep@gwortu’s
novels contained more essential truth about Ireland than can be
learned from any other sources whatsoever, the librarians of our
circulating libraries expect te do considerable extra work in sup-
plying the demand that is now sure to arise for those books.
Such statements from such a source always impose extra duty upon
the librarians, though not quite so much as does a noted author's
death.

—The Grolier Club, having held an exhibition of the various
processes used in reproducing paintings, have followed up the
matter by an exhibition of modern wood-engravings, with an ad-
dress by Mr. E_pripge Kinastey, the wood-engraver, who does not
believe that the present rapid advance in the development of these
mechanical processes will injure the future of wood-engraving,
which to-day takes such high rank as a fine art.

-——Mr. Exocu Pratt, of Baltimore, has recently seen the success-
ful opening of the great library which he founded in that city.
He tells his friends that he preferred to give the money during
his lifetime in order that he might be sure it was used exactly in
accordance with his desires. Baltimore is justly proud of this—
new charity.

—During the late cold snap a New-Yorker who spent the win-
ter of 1877 in New Orleans recalled with pleasure the floral dis-
trict of that city, where he resided, especially the rose beds, with
their borders of English violets, in front of the house, and the
orange-trees, whose fruit he could reach out of his window. The
family with which he was living had suffered much during the
war, and the head of it used to declare that he once was compelled
to walk 140 miles in order to buy some jean for trousers for him-
self, and some calico for a gown for his wife.

—The five-hundredth performance of Adonis at the Bijou Thea-
tre, in New York, was given last Thursday. The event coincided
within a day with the actor’s thirtieth birthday. The double event
was celebrated by a breakfast given to Mr. Drxry at Delmonico’s
by a party of friends, by a special and very crowded performance
of Adonis, and by a Dixey Ball at the Metropolitan Opera-house.
The performance of Adonis was signalized by the irruption upon
the stage of well-known actors. from other theatres in costume.

—The people of New York and Brooklyn owe to Postmaster
Pearson another obligation in the publication of the weekly Ofi-
cial Postal Guide for those two cities, which is published under
his supervision. The first number of the new Guide has just ap-

, and is in every way creditable to the Post-office. In addi-
tion to all the general postal information that is needed by busi-
ness men, it contains local and current intelligence concerning the
mails that is equally important to the communities for which it is
published, and that has not heretofore been readily accessible.

many persons seem inclined to blow out the gas when they

are going to bed that the effect of such a course upon the phys-
ical system can not be absolutely devoid of interest. Physicians
say that ordinary illuminating gas contains a good deal of carbon-
oxygen, a deadly poison, which drives out the oxygen of the bléod,
and makes the current dark and sluggish. The treatment is usu-
ally to bleed the patient, and then to whip up the blood which has
been taken from him. This process puts oxygen into it, and it is
then returned to the body by transfusion, the object being to re-
place the oxygen which has been driven out. Another method is
to transfuse a simple saline solution, which serves the purpose of
giving the needed volume to the blood. Miss Nicotsoy, who re-
cently blew out the gas in her room at a New York: hotel, was re-
quired to inhale pure oxygen from a calcium-light cylinder, to the
extent of about seven hundred and fifty gallons in twenty-four
hours. She used a large rubber bag, which was filled repeatedly
from the cylinder, almost as soon as emptied. She became better
from the moment that she began to inhale this pure oxygen, al-
though when brought to the hospital she had a leaden complexion,
= larynx, and incipient pneumonia, and was unconscious’
ides,

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‘ HARPER’S WEEKLY. VOLUME XXX., NO. 1512

a

-

JAMES W. HUSTED, SPEAKER OF THE NEW YORK ASSEMBLY. EDMUND L. PITTS, PRESIDENT PRO TEM. OF THE NEW YORK SENATE.

PHOTOGRAPHED BY NoTMAN, ALBANY. PuotoGRAruED BY NOTMAN, ALBANY.

elected Speaker by the lican Senators of the
Republicans of the New | ik | State Legislature honor-
ing upon his fourthterm the Presidency pro tem.
in that office. His career, of the Senate, was al-
has been a very remark- ure in State politics. Mr.
in the county of West- mM, in the county of Orleans,
chester, in this State,on [i | on the 23d of May, 1839.
cestry. He was schools and in the aca-
ted at Yale in 1854, wes demy at Yates. Al-
admitted to the bar in f though he prepared for
rom entering i v-
ly as a lawyer. He has sy ae Wi a lawyer, he had the great
been Superintendent of fortune to pursue
Schools, his studies at Albion, in.
Harbor -y ward Chief Justice of the
ter, Deputy Captain of t' - Court of A ls. Mr.
Port of New York, Judge Pitts was I at to the
Advocate of the Seventh bar in 1860, the same
of the Mil- year in which he cast his
tia, and is now a Major- first vote. It was cast
vision o e Nationa President, and Mr. Prrrs
~ of the In has remained
reemasoury he wears a Republican.
the jewel of the Thirty- Mr, Pitts was sent to
returned each year
so he is generally called until after 1868. ’ In
—has been sixteen times 1867 he was elected
the York Speaker of that body.
Assembly. ourteen He was Assessor of Inter-
times he represented his nal Revenue from 1878
to 1877, and in 1881 and
was returned from in in 1883 he was
Rockland County, on the aan t the Senate
achievement, since in this | i by his el
country legislators are |
f | ness in debate, and by his
. . | rliamentary p ure.
shad the wey of we the
e v
aspiring young men in | vars ‘to thie ‘Benate of
his own county, and so he Messrs. Conxiine and
boldly crossed the river Piatt in 1881. In 1882
in
ker in 1874, 1876, of
and 1878. He is for Governor in the
ledge of parliamentary 7 == of that year, and in 1884
practice, for astonishing was a delegate to
quickness of intellect and | ——<————— : = the Chicago Convention.
of speech, and for his He has never neglected
—__ —— ys a Ww
the State. He excels Ma. Zuxuavent. Ps rity and fine income as a

both as a host and as a , in the
raconteur. THE MATCH FOR THE CHESS Sanony.—[Sxx Pace 39]

—
|
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“L Hoge
/
«

JANUARY 16. 1886.

—7

PETER M. ARTHUR.—{See Page 43.)

THE MAYOR OF CASTERBRIDGE.

By THOMAS HARDY,

Avutuor or “A Laoptogan,” “Tar Romantio ADVENTURES OF A
“‘ Far From tHe Mappina Crown,” Ero,

CHAPTER V.—{ Continued.)

A row of ancient rummers with ground figures on their sides,
and each primed with a spoon, was now placed dowmthe table, and
these were promptly filled with grog at such high temperature as to
raise serious considerations for the gilding exposed to such vapors.
But Elizabeth Jane noticed that, though this filling went on with
great promptness up and down the table, nobody filled the Mavor’s
glass, who still drank large quantities of water from the tumbler
behind the clump of crystal vessels intended for wine and spirits.

“They don’t fill Mr. Henchard’s wine-glasses,” she ventured to
say to her elbow acquaintance, the old man.

“Oh no. Don’t ye know him to be the celebrated abstainings

worthy of that name? He scorns all tempting liquors; never
touches nothing. Oh ves, he’ve strong qualities that way. Ihave
heard tell that he sware a gospel oath in by-gone times, and has
bode by it ever since. So they don’t press him, knowing it would
be unbecoming in the face of that ; for ver gospel oath is a serious
thing.”

Another elderly man, hearing this discourse, now joined in by
inquiring, “‘ How much longer have he got to suffer from it, Solo-
mon Longways ?”

“ Another two year, they say. I don’t know the why and the
wherefore of his fixing such a time, for ’a never has told any-
body. But ’tis exactly twe calendar years longer, they say. A
powerful mind to hold out so long!”

HARPER'S WEEKLY.

=

“AT ELIZABETH’S ENTRY SHE. LIFTED HER FINGER.”

“BANKING UP” FOR WINTER IN DAKOTA.—Drawn sy Cuaries Granam Pace 45.]

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38

“True. ... But there’s great strength in hope.
Knowing that in four-and-twenty months’ time
ye'll be out of yer bondage, and able to make up
for all you've suffered, by partaking without stint ;
why, it keeps a man up, no doubt.”

“ No doubt, Christopher Coney, no doubt. And
‘a must need such reflections—a lonely widow-
man,” said Longways.

“ When did he lose his wife ?” asked Elizabeth.

“TI never knowed her. "Twas afore he came
to Casterbridge,” Solomon Longways replied, with
terminative emphasis, as if the fact of his igno-
rance of Mrs. Henchard were sufficient to deprive
her history of all interest. ‘“‘ But I know that
‘a's a banded teetotaler, and that if any of his
men be ever so little overtook by a drop, he’s
down upon "em as stern as the Lord upon the
jovial Jews.”

“ Has he many men, then ?” said Elizabeth Jane.

“Many? Why, my good maid, he’s the pow-
erfulest member of the town council, and quite
a principal man in the country round besides.
He and Casterbridge bank-folk are sworn bro-
thers; and it’s not every man that’s hand in
glove witha bank. Never a big dealing in wheat,
barley, oats, hay, roots, and such like in this coun-
ty but Henchard’s got a hand in it. Ay, and
he'll go into other things, too; and that’s where
he makes his mistake. He worked his way up
from nothing when ’a came here; and now he’s
a pillar of the town. Not but what he’s been
shook a little to year about this bad corn he has
supplied in his contracts. I've seen the sun rise
over Casterbridge Moor these nine-and-sixty year,
and though Mr. Henchard has never cussed me
unfairly, ever since I've worked for ’n, seeing I
be but a little small man, and tis not my interest
to spak against him, I must say that I have never
before tasted such rough bread as hev been made
from Henchard’s wheat lately. "Tis that growed
out that ye could a’most call it malt, and there's
a list at bottom o’ the loaf as thick as the sole
of one’s shoe.”

The band now struck up another melody, and
by the time it was ended the dinner was over,
and speeches began to be made. The evening
being calm, and the windows still open, these
orations, could be distinctly heard. Henchard’s
voice arose above the rest; he was telling a story
ofthis hay-dealing experiences.

“* You may have the rick for eighty pound,’ he
says to me, ‘or you may leave it alone.’ ‘Seven-
tv-seven pound ten,’ says I (rising another fifty
shillings, for I wanted the hay). ‘No,’ says he.
‘Very well,’ says I. ‘But think it over. I'll
stand word till my wagons come back along this
way at three o’clock, and no longer.’ I left him
for a time—a bitter cold day 'twas—and who
should I meet but George Stalker, and I told him
what I was after. ‘ Why,’ says he, ‘the rick isn’t
worth forty pound—’a’s tipped with straw to be-
gin wi'—and the heart o’en is as black as the chim-
ley back.’ Then I was in a terrible way : I teaved
—I stamped up and down. I thought it over, and
went back to my man. ‘Now, seventy-seven

nd ten is fair money,’ says I (showing anx-
us), ‘and I stand word to’t as firm as a church
till the w come back.’ ‘Eighty,’ says he.
* But,’ says I, ‘can’t ye take the other, and let’s
have done o’'t? I’m afraid there’s going to be a
deep snow.’. And so earnest-like I kept pricking
him up to stand out for his price, looking covet-
ous at the rick, and as if I were loath to let it go,
and snow likely to set in. Ah, a trimming frost
*twas that day !—and being a teetotaler I felt it
. too. Well, by long and by late the wagons loomed
in sight, and I shook in my shoes lest this should
bring him to say yes. But no—‘ Eighty pound,’
says he; ‘that’s my figure!’ The wagons came
abreast. ‘Good-afternoon,’ says I, hopping up
into the nearest, and as soon as we'd moved off
I said to my man, ‘Now whip up the horses;
and if you hear anybody holloa ever so loud, mind
you don’t tarn your head.’ He did holloa, and
run after; but we didn’t stop, not we; and I never
felt so happy in my days as I did when I got home
that night, clean out of the deal, bad as I wanted
hay. Well, three weeks after that, when the snow
was over the hedges, and a truss of hay was a’most
worth its weight in gold, I found that that villain
Georgy Stalker had got the rick for seventy
pound, sold it in market for a hundred and twen-
ty, and that there wasn’t, as he knew all the time,
a finer quality bit o’ stuff in the whole county
round, Haw-haw-haw !”

Others joined in the laugh, and hilarity was
general till a new voice arose with, “‘ This is all
very well; but how about the bad bread ?”

It came from thie lower end of the table, where
there sat a group of minor tradesmen who, a}
though part of the company, appeared to be «&
little below the social level of the others; and
who seemed to nourish a certain independence of
opinion, and carry on discussions not quite in har-
mony with those at the head; just as the west
end of a church is sometimes persistently found
to sing out of time and tune with the leading
spirits in the chancel.

This interruption about the bad bread afforded
infinite satisfaction to the lou outside, sev-
eral of whom were of the class which finds its
pleasure in others’ discomfiture ; and hence they
echoed pretty freely: “Hey! How about the bad
bread, Mr. Maver?” Moreover, feeling none of
the restraints of those who shared the feast, they
could afford to add,“ You rather ought to tell
the story o’ that, sir!”

The interruption was sufficient to compel the
Mayor to notice it.

“ Well, I admit that the wheat turned out bad-
ly,” he said. “But I was taken in in buying it

. as much as the bakers who bought it o’ me.”

“ And the poor folk who had to eat it whether
or vo,” said the inharmonious man outside the
window.

Henchard’s face darkened. There was temper
under the thin bland surface—the temper which,
artificially intensified, had banished a wife near-
ly a score of years before.

to her companion.

HARPER'S WEEKLY.

“You must make allowances for the accidents
of a large business,” he said. “ You must bear
in mind that the weather just at the harvest of
that corn was worse than we have known it for
years. However, I have mended my arrange-
ments on account o’t. Since I have found my
business too large to be well looked after by my-
self alone, I have advertised fur a thorough
man as manager of the corn department. hen
I’ve got him you will find these mistakes will
no longer occur—matters will be better looked
into.”

“ But what are you going to do to repay us for
the past?” inquired the man who had before
spoken, and who seemed to be a baker or miller.
“ Will you replace the grown flour we've still got
by sound grain ?”

Henchard’s face had grown still more stern at
these interruptions, and he drank from his tum-
bler of water as if to calm himself or gain time.
Instead of vouchsafing a direct reply, he stiffly
observed :

“If anybody will tell me how to turn grown
wheat into wholesome wheat, I'll take it back
with pleasure. But it can’t be done.”

Henchard was not to be drawn again. Having
said this he sat down.

—

CHAPTER VI.

Now the group outside the window had within
the last few minutes been re-enforced by new ar-
rivals, some of them respectable shopkeepers and
their assistants, who had come out for a whiff of
air after putting up the shutters for the night;
some of them of a lower class. Distinct from
either there appeared a stranger—a young man
of remarkably pleasant aspect, who carried in his
hand a carpet-bag of the smart floral pattern
prevalent in such articles at that time.

He was fair and ruddy, bright-eyed, and slight
in build. He might possibly have passed by
without stopping at all, or at most for half a min-
ute to glance in at the scene, had not his advent
coincided with the discussion on corn and bread,
in which event this history had never appeared.
But the subject seemed to arrest him, and he
whispered some inquiries of the other by-standers,
and remained listening.

When he heard Henchard’s closing words, “ It
can’t be done,” he smiled, impulsively drew out
his pocket-book, and wrote down a few words by
the aid of the light in the window. He tore out
the leaf, folded and directed it, and seemed about
to throw it in through the open sash upon the
dining-table, but on second thoughts edged him-
self through the loiterers till he reached the door
of the inn, where one of the waiters who had been
serving inside was now idly leaning against the
door-post.

“Give this to the Mayor at once,” he said,
handing in his hasty note.

Elizabeth Jane had seen his movements and
heard the words, which attracted her both by
their subject and by their accent—a strange one
for those parts. It was quaint and northerly.

The waiter took the note, while the young
stranger continued: “And can ye tell me of a
respectable hotel that’s a little more moderate
than this ?”

The waiter glanced indifferently up and down
the street. “They say the King of Prussia, just
below here, is a very good place,” he languidly
answered ; “‘ but I have never staid there myself.”

The Scotchman, as he seemed to be, thanked
him, and strolled on in the direction of the Kin
of Prussia aforesaid, apparently more enamel
about the question of an inn than about the fate
of his note, now that the momentary impulse of
writing it was over. While he was disappearing
slowly down the street the waiter left the door,
and Elizabeth Jane saw with some interest the
note brought into the diuing-room and handed to
the Mayor.

Henchard looked at it carelessly, unfolded it
with one hand, and glanced it through. There-
upon it was curious to note an unexpected effect.
The nettled, clouded aspect which had held pos-
session of his face since the subject of his corn-
dealings had been broached, changed itself into
one of arrested attention. He read the note slow-
ly, and fell into thought, not moody, but fitfully
intense, as that of a man who has been captured
by an idea.

By this time toasts and speeches had given
place to songs, the wheat subject being quite for-
gotten. Men were putting their heads together
in twos and threes, with pantomimic laughter,
which reached convulsive grimace. were
beginning to look as if they did not know how
they had come there, what they had come for,
or how they were going to get home again, and

visionally sat on with a dazed smile. Square-
built men showed a tendency to become hunch-
backs; men with a dignified presence lost it in
a curious obliquity of figure, in which their fea-
tures grew disarranged and one-sided ; whilst the
heads of a few who had dined with extreme thor-
oughness were somehow sinking into their shoul-
ders, the corners of their mouth and eyes being
bent upward by the subsidence. Only Henchard
did not conform to these flexuous changes; he
remained stately and vertical, silently thinking.

The clock struck nine; Elizabeth Jane turned
“The evening is drawing on,
mother,” she said. “What do you propose to
do ?”

She was surprised to find how irresolute her
mother had become. ‘“‘ We must get a place to
lie down in,” she murmured ; “I have seen—Mr.
Henchard; and that’s all I wanted to do.”

“ That’s enough for to-night at any rate,” Eliza-
beth Jane replied, soothingly. “‘We can think
to-morrow what is best to do about him. The
question now is—is it not ?—how shall we find a

As her mother did not reply, Elizabeth Jane’s
mind reverted to the words of the waiter, that

the King of Prussia was an inn of moderate
charges. A recommendation good for one per-
son was probably good for another. “Let us
go where the young man has gone to,” she said.
“ He is respectable. What do you say?”

Her mother assented, and down the street they
went.

In the mean time the Mayor’s thoughtfulness,
engendered by the note as stated, continued to
hold him in abstraction, till, whispering to his
neighbor to take his place, he found opportunity
to leave the chair. This was just after the de-
parture of his wife and Elizabeth.

Outside the door of the assembly-room he raw
the waiter, and beckoning to him, asked who
brought the note which had been handed in a
quarter of an hour before.

“A young man, sir—a sort of traveller. He
was a Scotchman, seemingly.”

“ Did he say how he had got it?”

“He wrote it himself, sir, as he stood outside
the window.”

“ Oh—wrote it himself....Is the young man
in the hotel ?”

“No, sir. He went to the King o’ Prussia, I
believe.”

The Mayor walked up and down the vestibule
of the hotel with his hands under his coat tails,
as if he were merely seeking a cooler atmosphere
than that of the room he had quitted. But there
could be no doubt that he was in reality still pos-
sessed to the full by the new idea, whatever that
might be. At length he went back to the door
of the dining-room, paused, and found that the
songs, toasts, and conversation were proceeding
quite satisfactorily without his presence. The
corporation, private residents, and major and mi-
ner gentlemen-tradesmen had, in fact, gone in
for comforting beverages to such an extent that
they had quite forgotten, not only the Mayor, but
all those vast political, religious, and social dif-
ferences which separated them in the daytime
like iron grills. Seeing this, the Mayor took his
hat, and when the waiter had helped him on with
a thin holland overcoat, went out and stood under
the portico.

Very few persons were now in the street; and
his eyes, by a sort of attraction, turned and dwelt
upon a spot about a hundred yards further down.
It was the house to which the writer of the note
had gone—the King of Prussia—whose two prom-
inent gables, bow-window, and passage-light could
be seen from where he stood. Having kept his
eyes on it for a while, he strolled in that direction.

This immutable house of accommodation for
man and beast was built of mellow sandstone,
with mullioned windows of the same material,
now markedly out of perpendicular from the set-
tlement of foundations. The bay-window pro-
jecting into the street, whose interior was so pop-
ular among the frequenters of the inn, was closed
with shutters, in each of which appeared a heart-
shaped aperture, somewhat more attenuated in
the right and left ventricles than is seen in na-
ture. Inside these illuminated holes, at a dis-
tance of about three inches, were ranged at this
hour, as every passer knew, the ruddy polls of
Billy Willis,the glazier, Smart, the shoe-maker,
Buzzford, the general dealer, and others of that
set, each with his yard of clay.

A four-centred Tudor arch was over the en-
trance, and over the arch the sign-board, now
visible in the rays of an opposite lamp. Hereon
the King, who had been represented by the artist
as a person of two dimensions only—in other
words, flat as a shadow—was seated on a war-
horse in a frozen prance. Being on the sunny
side of the street, both he and his charger had
suffered largely from warping, splitting, fading,
and shrinkage, so that he was but a half-invisible
film upon the reality of the grain and knots and
nails which composed the sign-board. As a mat-
ter of fact, this state of things was not so much
owing to Stannidge, the landlord’s, neglect, as
from the lack of a painter in Casterbridge who
would undertake to reproduce the uniform of a
man so traditional.

A long, narrow, dimly lit passage gave access
to the inn, within which passage the horses going
to their stalls at the back and the coming and
departing human guests rubbed shoulders indis-
criminately, the latter running no slight risk of
having their toes trodden upon by the animals.
The good stabling and the good beer of the King
of Prussia, though somewhat difficult to reach on
account of there being but this narrow way to
both, were nevertheless perseveringly sought out
by the sagacious old heads who knew what was
what in Casterbridge.

Henchard stood without the inn for a few in-
stants, then, lowering the dignity of his presence
as much as possible by buttoning the brown
holland coat over his shirt front, and in other
ways toning himself down to his ordinary every-
day appearance, he entered the inn door.

CHAPTER VII.

EvizasetH Jane and her mother had arrived
some twenty minutes earlier. Outside the house
they had stood and considered whether even this
homely place, though recommended as moderate,
might not be too serious in its prices for their
light pockets. Finally, however, they had found
courage to enter, and duly met Stannidge, the
landlord, a silent man, who drew and carried
frothing measures to this room and to that, on a
- with his waiting-maids—a stately slowness,

wever, entering into his ministrations by con-
trast with theirs, as became one whose service
was somewhat optional. It would have been al-
together optional but for the orders of the land-
lady, a person who sat in the bar, corporeally
motionless, but with a flitting eye and quick ear,
with which she observed heard through the
open door and hatchway the pressing needs of
customers whom her husband overlooked though
close at hand. Elizabeth and her mother were

him.

VOLUME XXX.. NO. 1517.

passively accepted as sojourners, and shown to a
small bedroom under one of the gables, where
they sat down.

“Tis too good for us—we can’t meet it!” said
the elder woman, looking round the apartment
with misgiving as soon as they were left alone.

“T fear it is, too,” said Elizabeth. “But we
must be respectable.”

The principle of the inn seemed to be to com-
pensate for the antique awkwardness, crooked-
ness, and obscurity of the passages, doors, walls,
and windows, by quantities of clean linen spread
about everywhere, and this had a dazzling effect
upon the travellers. “We must pay our way
even before we must be respectable,” replied her
mother. “Mr. Henchard is too high for us to
make ourselves known to him, I mucli fear; so
we've only our own pockets to depend on.”

“I know what Ill do,” said Elizabeth Jane,
after an interval of waiting, during which their
needs seemed quite forgotten under the press of
business below. And leaving the room, she de-
scended the stairs and penetrated to the bar.

If there was one good thing more than another
which characterized this single-hearted girl, it
was a willingness to sacrifice her personal com-
fort and dignity to the common weal.

“ As you seem busy here to-night, and mother’s
not well off, might I take out part of our ac.
commodation by helping ?” she asked of the land-
lady

The latter, who remained as fixed in the arm-
chair as if she had been melted into it when in a
liquid state, and could not now be unstuck, looked
the girl up and down inguiringly, with her hands
on the chair arms. Such arrangements as the
one Elizabeth Jane proposed were not uncommon
in country villages ; but, though Casterbridge was
old-fashioned, tle custom was well-nigh obsolete
here. The mistress of the house, however, was
an easy woman to strangers, and she made no
objection. Thereupon Elizabeth Jane, being in-
structed by nods and motions from the taciturn
landlord as to where she could find the different
things, trotted up and down stairs with materials
for her own and her parent’s meal.

While she was doing this the wood partition
in the centre of the house thrilled to its centre
with the tugging of a bell-pull upstairs. A bell
below tinkled a note that was feebler in sound
than the twanging of wires and cranks that had
produced it.

“Tis the Scotch gentleman,” said the land-
Jady, omnisciently ; and turning her eyes to Eliza-
beth, “ Now, then, can you go and see if his sup-
per is on the tray? If it is, you can take it up
The front room over this.”

Elizabeth Jane, though hungry, willingly post-
poned serving herself awhile, and applied to the
cook in the kitchen, whence she brought forth
the tray of supper viands, and proceeded with it
upstairs to the apartment indicated. The accom-
modation of the King of Prussia was far from
spacious, despite the fair area of ground it cov-
ered. The room demanded by intrusive beams
and rafters, partitions, passages, staircases, dis-
used ovens, settles, and four-posters left compar-
atively small quarters for human beings. More-
over, this being at a time before home-brewing
was abandoned by the smaller victuallers, and a
house in which the twelve-bushel strength was
still religiously adhered to by the landlord in his
ale, the quality of the liquor was the chief at-
traction of the premises, so that everything had
to make way for utensils and operations in con-
nection therewith. Thus Elizabeth Jane found
that the Scotchman was located in a room quite
close to the small one that had been allotted to
herself and her mother.

When she entered, nobody was present but the
young man himself, the same whom she had seen
lingering without the windows of the Golden
Crown Hotel. He was now idly reading a copy
of the local paper, and was hardly conscious of
her entry, so that she looked at him quite coolly,
and saw how his forehead shone where the light
caught it, and how nicely his hair was cut, and
the sort of velvet pile or down that was on the
skin at the back of his neck, and how his cheek*
was so truly curved as to be part of a globe, and
how clearly drawn were the lids and lashes which
hid his bent eyes,

She set down the tray, spread his supper, and
went away without a word. On her arrival below,
the landlady, who was as kind as she was fat
and lazy, saw that Elizabeth Jane was rather
tired, though in her earnestness to be useful she
was waiving her own needs altogether. Mrs.
Stannidge thereupon said, with a considerate per-
emptoriness, that she and her mother had better
take their own suppers if they meant to have

any.

Elizabeth Jane fetched their simple provisions,
as she had fetched the Scotchman’s, and went up
to the little chamber where she had left her mo-
ther, noiselessly pushing open the door with the
edge of the tray. To her surprise her mother,
instead of being reclined on the bed where she
had left her, was in an erect position, with lips
parted. At Elizabeth’s entry she lifted her finger.

The meaning of this was soon apparent. The
room allotted to the two women had at one time
served as a dressing-room to the Scotchman’s
chamber, as was evidenced by signs of a door of
communication between them—now screwed up
and pasted over with the wall-paper. But, as is
frequently the case with hotels of far higher pre-
tensions than the King of Prussia, every word
spoken in either of these rooms was distinctly
audible in the other. Such sounds came through
now,

Thus silently conjured, Elizabeth Jane deposit-
ed the tray, and her mother whispered as she
drew near, “’Tis he.”

“ Who ?” said the girl.

“The Mavor. The tremors in Susan Hench-
ard’s tone mi:ht have led any person but one so
perfectly unsuspicious of the truth as the girl
was, to surmise some closer connection than the

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JANUARY 16, 1886.

admitted simple kinship as a means of accounting
for them.

Two men were indeed talking in the adjoining
chamber, the young Scotchman and Henchard,
who, having entered the inn while Elizabeth Jane
was in the kitchen waiting for the supper, had been
deferentially conducted upstairs by host Stan-
nidge himself. The girl noiselessly laid out their
little meal, and beckoned to her mother to join
her, which Mrs. Henchard mechanically did, her
attention being fixed on the conversation through
the door.

“T merely strolled in on my way home to ask
ye a question about something that has excited
my curiosity,” said the Mayor, with careless geni-
ality. “ But I see you have not finished supper.”

“ Ay, but I will have done in a few minutes!
Ye needn’t go, sir. Take a seat. I’ve almost
done, and it makes na difference at all.”

Henchard seemed to take the seat offered, and
in a moment he resumed: “ Well, first I should
ask, did you write this?” A rustling of paper
followed.

“Yes, I did,” said the Scotchman.

“Then,” said Henchard, “I am under the im-
pression that we have met by accident while
waiting for the morning to keep an appointment
wi’ each other? My name is Henchard; ha’n’t
you replied to an advertisement for a corn-factor’s
manager that I put into the paper—ha’n’t you
come here to see me about it?”

“No,” said the Scotchman, with some surprise.

“Surely you are the man,” went on Henchard,
insistingly, “‘ who arranged to come and see me?
Joshua—Joshua— What was his name?”

“No, indeed,” said the young man. “ My name
is Donald Farfrae. It is true I am in the corn
trade, but I have replied to no advertisment, and
arranged to see no one. I am on my way to
Bristol, from there to the other side of the world
to try my fortune in the great wheat-growing dis-
tricts of the West. I have some inventions use-
ful to the trade, and there is no scope for devel-
oping them heere.”

“To America !—well, well!” said Henchard,
in a tone of disappointment so strong as to make
itself felt like a damp atmosphere. “And yet I
could have sworn you were the man.”

The Scotchman murmured another negative,
and there was a silence, till Henchard resumed,
“Then I am truly and sincerely obliged to you for
the few words you wrote on that paper.”’

“Tt was nothing.”

“Well, it has a great importance for me just
now. This row about my grown wheat, which I
declare to Heaven I didn’t know to be bad till the
people came complaining, has put me to my wits’
end. I’ve some hundreds of quarters of it on
hand, and if your renovating process will make it
wholesome, why, you can see what a quag ’twould
get me out of. I saw in a moment there might
be truth in it. But I should like to have it
proved, and, of course, you don’t care to tell the
steps of the process sufficiently for me to do that,
without my paying ye well for’t first.”’

The young man reflected a moment ortwo. “TI

don’t know that I have any objection,” he said. .

“Tm going to another country, and curing bad
corn is not the line P’ll take up there. Yes, I'll tell
ye the whole of it; you'll make more of it here
than I will in a foreign country. Just look here
a minute, sir. I can show ye by a sample in my
carpet-bag.”

The click of a lock followed, and there was a
sifting and rustling; then a discussion about so
many ounces to the bushel, and drying, and re-
frigerating, and so on.

“ These few grains will be sufficient to show ye
with,” came in the young fellow’s voice ; and aft-
er a pause, during which some operation seemed
to be intently watched by them both, he exclaim-
ed, “‘ There, now, do you taste that ?”

“It’s complete! quite restored, or — well —
nearly.”

“Quite enough restored to make good sec-
onds out of it,” said the Scotchman. “To fetch
it back entirely is impossible ; nature won’t stand
so much as that, but here you go a great way to-
ward it. Well, sir, that’s the process; I don’t
value it, for it can be but of little use in countries
where the weather is more settled than in ours;
and I'll be only too glad if it’s of service to you.”

“But hearken to me,” pleaded Henchard.
“My business, you know, is in corn and in hav;
but I was brought up as a hay-trusser simply,
and hay is what I understand best, thongh I now
do more in corn than in the other. If you'll ac-
cept the situation, you shall manage the corn
branch entirely, and receive a commission in ad-
dition to salary.”

“It is liberal—very liberal ; but no, no—I can-
net!” the young man still replied, with some dis-
tress in his accents.

“So be it!” said Henchard, conclusively.
“Now, to change the subject, one good turn de-
serves another ; don’t stay to finish that miserable
supper. Come to my house; I can find something
better for ye than cold ham and ale.”

Donald Farfrae was grateful—said he feared
he must decline—that he wished to leave early
next day.

“Very well,” said Henchard, quickly ; “ please
yourself. But I tell ye, young man, if this holds
good for the bulk, as it has done for the sample,
you have saved my credit, stranger though you
be. What shall I pay you for this knowledge ?”

“Nothing at all—nothing at all. It may not
prove n to ye to use it often, and I don’t
value it at all. I thought I might just as well
let ye know, as ye were in a difficulty, and they
were harred upon ye.”

Henchard paused. “I sha’n’t soon forget this,”
he said. “And from a stranger!.... I couldn't
believe you were not the man I had engaged !

Pays I to myself, ‘He knows who I am, and
recommends himself by this stroke.’ And yet it

turns out, after all, that you are not the man who
answered my advertisement, but a stranger !”
“6 Ay, ay; ’tis 80,” said the young man, simply.

HARPER’S WEEKLY.

Henchard again suspended his words, and then
his voice came thoughtfully: “Your forehead,
Farfrae, is something like my poor brother’s—
now dead and gone; and the nose, too, isn’t un-

like his. You must be, what—five foot nine, I
reckon? I am six foot one and a half out of my
shoes. But what of that? In my business ’tis

true that strength and bustle build up a firm.
But judgment and knowledge are what keep it
established. Unluckily I am bad at science, Far-
frae; bad at figures—a rule-o’-thumb sort of
man. You are just the reverse—I can see that.
I have been looking for such as you these two
year, and yet you are not for me. Well, before
L- go, let me ask this: Though you are not the
young man I thought you were, what’s the differ-
ence? Can’t ye stay just the same? Have you
really made up your mind about this American
notion? I won’t mince matters. I feel you
would be invaluable to me—that needn’t be said
—and if you will stay and be my manager, I will
make it worth your while.”

“‘My plans are fixed,” said the young man, in
negative tones; “I have formed a scheme, and
there can be no more words about it. But will
you not drink with me, sir? I find this Caster-
bridge ale warreming to the stomach—ay, as
Presbyterian cream.”

“No, no; I fain would, but I can’t,” said
Henchard, gravely, the scraping of his chair in-
forming the listeners that he was rising to leave.
“When I was a young man I went in for that
sort of thing too strong—far too strong—and
was well-nigh ruined by it! I did a deed on ac-
count of it which I shall be ashamed of to my
dying day. It made such an impression on me
that I swore, there and then, that I'd drink no-
thing stronger than tea for as many years as I
was old that day. I have kept my oath; and
though, Farfrae, I am sometimes that dry in the
dog-days that I could drink a quarter-barrel to
the pitching, I think o’ my oath, and touch no
strong drink at all.”

“T won’t press ve, sir—I won’t press ye. I
respect your vow.”

“Well, I shall get a magager somewhere, no
doubt,” said Henchard, with strong feeling in his
tones. “But it will be long before I see one
that would suit me so well!”

The young man appeared. much moved by
Henchard’s warm convictions of his value. He
was silent till they reached the door. “I wish I
could stay—sincerely wish it,” he replied. ‘“ But,
no—it cannet be; it cannet! I want to see the
warrld.”

(TO BE CONTINUED. }

THE CHESS CHAMPIONSHIP.

Frew events in the chess world have ever caused
so much excitement as the coming match between
the two rival masters Sremnitz and ZvKerrtort,
and perhaps no event since the days of Morpny.
It is universally acknowledged that these are the
two strongest living players; no one has ever
successfully withstood either, and the supremacy
is now to be determined between them.

WituraM Sreinitz was born at Prague May 7,
1836. He received his preliminary training in
that city, and then entered the Polytechnic at
Vienna. After studying there, he employed part
of his time in tutoring and journalistic work. He
tirst learned chess in Prague at the age of four-
teen, and played with the students and local play-
ers. He improved much under the instruction of
Hamer and Jenal, and took prizes in the Vienna
local tourneys of 1859, 1860, and 1861; this was
his first serious chess schooling. In 1862 he won
the sixth prize in the London International Tour-
ney, and in 1863 defeated Mr. BLacksurneg in a
match. In 1865 he was beaten by Mr. De Vere,
to whom he gave the odds of pawn and move—the
only set match Mr. Srermitz has ever lost. In
1866 occurred his famous match with ANDERSSEN,
whom he defeated with a score of 8 to 6, thus es-
tablishing his reputation as a first-class chess-
player. ‘From this time on Mr. Srermnirz’s career
is a succession of triumphs in matches and tour-
naments against the best players of Europe and
America. Among those whom he has defeated
in matches are Birp, BLACKBURNE, and ZUKERTORT
in 1872. He has frequently come out first in
handicaps in England. In 1870 he carried off
the second prize at the International Tournament
in Baden (ANDERSSEN winning the first), and in
1871 he secured the first in the City of London
Handicap, winning every game. In the London
International Tourney of 1872 Mr. Sreinirz won
the first place; in this contest he lost not one
game, and won one and one draw from Mr. Zv-
KERTORT, whom he there met for the first time in
a tournament. In 1873 he played in the Vien-
na International. Here Mr. Sreinrrz made the
most remarkable “ break’ on record. After los-
ing two games to Mr. Bracksuang, and making
two draws with other players, he won sixteen suc-
cessive games, defeating the strongest players,
among whom were ANDERSSEN, Parisen, Rosmn-
THaL, Biap, and Scuwartz. He tied with Biaex-
BURNK for the first prize, and then defeated him.
Mr. Zcxertorr did not participate. In 1882, at
another Vienna tourney, he tied with Winawkr
for the first prize, although he was beaten by Zu-
KERTORT in their encounter. In 1873 Mr. Sremurz
settled in London, and was almost exclusively en-
gaged in chess literary work. In 1882 he started
on his well-known American tour, giving exhibi-
tions, and playing successful matches against Mr.
Martinez, of Philadelphia, Judge Goimayo, of
Havana, Captain Macxenzix, and others. In the
London International Tourney of 1883 he carried
off the second prize, ZuKERtort winning the first.
After this tournament Mr. Srernitz settled in
America. Last year he founded the /nternational
Chess Magazine, which is bly the first chess
authority on this side of the Atlantic.

Joun Hermann ZUKERTORT was born.at Riga
September 7, 1842. In 1855 his father removed
to Germany, where ZvKerTorT applied himself to

study. He learned the game in 1860, and in 1862
met ANDERSSEN. By practicing considerably with
the veteran lie improved rapidly, and was soon
considered one of the most formidable players in
North Germany. From 1868 to 1871 he played
in various German tournaments, and in 1871 de-
feated his old master, Professor ANDERSSEN, with
a score of 5 to 2. In 1872 he settled in London,
and in the same year won a match from Buack-
BURNE, but lost one to Sremutz. In 1877, at the
ANDERSSEN jubilee in Leipsic, he tied with the old
professor for the second and third prizes, and-in
the following year carried off the first prize in
the great Paris tourney. In 1880 he beat the
French champion, M. RosenrHat,in a match. In
1882 Sremnirz and ZvKkerTorT met at the Vienna
tourney. ZuKeErtort tied with Captain Macken-
zie for the fourth and fifth prizes, but received a
special prize for defeating the first three winners.
At the London International of 1883 Mr. Zuxer-
ToRT carried off the first prize, performing the
wonderful feat of winning twenty-two games and
losing only one. His play throughout was char-
acterized by unusual boldness, soundness, and
brilliancy, his beautiful game with Biacksurng
on that occasion being pronounced by Mr. Sret-
nitz “one of the most brilliant on record.” At
the conclusion of this tournament Mr. ZukertTortT
made a tour through the United States and Can-
ada, giving blindfold and simultaneous exhibi-
tions, and in 1884-5 he gave similar perform-
ances in England and on the Continent.

The pending match, which was arranged last
year, is for $2000 a side. It is to be decided by
either player winning ten games (draws not count-
ing). Should both score nine, the match is to be
declared a draw, as neither player is willing to
stake his reputation on a single game. It ought
to be remarked that Americans have contributed
with mounificent liberality to this contest, each
player being allowed a handsome amount for his
expenses. That part of the match which takes
place in New York is under the management of
committee from the Manhattan Chess Club
(Messrs. Green, Teep, and Devisssr), and will be
played at 50 Fifth Avenue till either player wins
four games; then the champions go to St. Louis,
and thence to New Orleans to finish the match.

WAIFS AND STRAYS.

Tar Harvard Faculty, having been advised by
the Committee on Athletics that the game of
foot-ball has been much improved the past sea-
son, have removed the prohibition under which
the game at Cambridge has lain since January 6
of last year. It was said that in forbidding the
game they were influenced a good deal by a pop-
ular impression, which they shared, that the
match between Yale and Princeton at the Polo
Grounds on Thanksgiving Day, 1884, was too en-
ergetic. The annual encounter of the elevens of
these two colleges seems to be looked to as af-
fording “the pace” at which college foot-ball
shall be carried on. Their last match at New
Haven was universally commended as an unin-
terrupted and gentleman-like pursuit of the game
proper, unattended by private fisticuffs or wres-
tling bouts of a brilliant but extra and unneces-
sary kind,and it was perhaps very greatly in
consequence of the quality of this match: that the
recommendation of the Harvard committee was
made, and the Faculty’s prohibition withdrawn.
Whatever the sentiment in England may be in
regard to foot-ball, there seems to be a definite
notion here that the game should be played in
such a manner that it shall offer no great peril to
life or even to limb.

England is to have an Anti-plumage League,
the object being to induce women to reject the
wings and feathers of birds as bonnet decorations,

39

and to save the birds, which are being destroved
in an alarming fashion. In view of the present
popular feeling here against the English sparrow,
which is driving out the robin and the oriole, per-
haps this will afford a hint for a Pro-plumage
League which shall be pledged to trim its bon-
nets with sparrow feathers and nothing else.

The Boston Record relates the singular expe-
rience of a West End lady on Christmas Eve.
She was told by a domestic that there was a po-
liceman at the door who insisted on seeing the
lady of the house. She went to the door, whe.e
the policeman, who had refused to step into the
hall, asked her if she had‘got a license for giving
an exhibition with a personation of Santa Claus.
She replied that she had not, whereupon he said
that he would feel obliged to complain against
her unless she gave him five dollars. She, much
flustered, was about to pay the money, when she
bethought herself of her brother-in-law, who was
in the house, and called him. On hearing the
demand, he called the policeman a scoundrel, and
ordered him away. The policeman attempted to .
arrest him. In the scuffle thas followed, the po-
liceman’s whiskers came off, disclosing the fea-
tures of the lady’s cousin, a young gentleman
who has the reputation of being a great wag.

A paragraph says that “ladies’ hair is to be
worn very high on the head in Paris this winter.
For the benefit of belles with long throats, how-
ever, a few curls may fall from the high coils of
hair so as to avoid the ugly effect.” If the re-
porter had chosen to be more explicit, it would
have been interesting to be positively informed’
whether these few curls should be twined around
the neck, or simply tied under the chin, in order
to accomplish their purpose.

The word “ Mugwump”’ is said to have passed
examination for Webster’s Unabridged, and “ ar-
ryish” is reported among the words in a recent
English dictionary. The last word is an adjective
derived from Harry, or ’Arry, the typical cockney,
and implies the airy and interesting style of that
person.

Long Island has charmed a multitude of visit-
ors, and evoked praise of many sorts. An Eng-
lishman who went shooting on the north shore .
took dinner at a farm-house there, and was moved
to write about it to a London newapaper. “I
wonder,” he says, “ how often in merrie England
a farmer, with his family and two men-servants,
sits down to roast turkey, chicken pie, with four
or five vegetables, and cranberry pie, to say fo-
thing of both whiskey and beer to drink 9”
whiskey and beer have a sort of holiday look, but
the other things ought to be common enough on
the tables of Long Island farmers, and plenty of
cider along with them.

“ Paris,” says the London News, “ is so attract-
ive because it appears every morning with a clean
face. The streets are thoroughly swept, and even
washed when they want it. The house fronts are
periodically scraped or scoured, under heavy pen-
alties for neglect: The inhabitants are entirely
free from that peculiar form of low depression
which ought to be known as London melancholia,
though it has not yet found its place in the books.
Gallic observers of eminence, who have occasion-..
ally treated of this malady under the name of
spleen, describe it as a kind of mean sadness, not
an out-and-out sorrow, but a dreadful sinking of -
the spirits that drives to drink or to dinner par-
ties, according to the class of the sufferer. These .
characteristics of London are not confined to any
obe quarter of the town, though they are perhaps
more intensified in Seven Dials than in Belgra-
via.”

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42

THE ROMANCE OF A GAS-PIPE.
Br MARY E. VANDYNE.

“Literary people! Faugh! don’t speak of
them. If there’s anything I detest more than an-
other, it’s a man or woman who writes.”

I looked at my friend Teddy Jones and smiled.
What in the world could have caused this out-
burst against the fraternity to which it was the
height of my ambition to belong ’—and from
Jones !

Jones and literary people! What could be
more absurd? Fancy it! Jones and men and
women who spend their time reading Emerson,
wondering at Carlyle’s “ immensities” and “ eter-
nities,” and asking how far George Eliot really
went in her following of Comte! The idea was
80 preposterous !

But I must introduce Teddy Jones. He was
in the dry-goods trade. Originally he bad been
what people call a “counter-jumper.” Now he
was the principal buyer of one of our
dry-goods “emporiums.” (I quote Ted in 7
the word; it was big and imposing, and deligh
him.) But as for reading—certainly he had
never read anything but a newspaper since I had
known him. His conversation—and he was as gar-
rulous as Tennyson’s brook, going on forever and
forever, until some strong force (usually a repri-
mand from his wife) stopped him—was always
about one of three things, his business, the next
election, and what was going on at the theatres.
What cou/d Jones know about literary people ?
Where had he ever met any such, and what
could he have had to do with them? I was anx-
jous to know, and the only way to gratify my cu-
riosity was to ask. I did ask. The first answer
I got was a suppressed titter from Mrs. Jones.

“Oh! he'll tell the storv fast enough,” said
Ted's loving spouse, “if you'll only listen.”

“Let’s have the story, by all means,” I cried,
“if there is one.”

Jones looked half pleased, half mortified. Ev-
idently there were features to the story which dis-
inclined him to its relation. Yet between his
own fondness for talking, his wife’s urging, and
my evident interest in what he had to tell, there
seemed to be:no escape for him. After a little
more parleying we both took cigars, and he be-

n:
arr You see, Bradford, I was brought up to trade”
—as if every cubic inch of his body, line of his
face, the set of his collar, and the fit of his trou-
sers had not borne testimony to that fact from
the beginning. Never in the course of my life did
I have anything to do with people who live by
their wits, I take it, which means stealing, or by
their imaginations, which I have since found out
means writing, until I had got married and come
to town to live.

“You must know that at that time I was not
as well off as I am now. Eliza and |” (a theat-
rical gesture of Ted’s right arm toward Mrs. Jones
assured me that she was the Eliza alluded to)
“were obliged to live in a boarding-house.

“The mansion in which we sought refuge was
kept by a Mrs. Smith, and we arrived at her es-
tablishment one evening just in time for dinner.

“When we stepped into the dining-room we
saw a long table with about a dozen people
ranged around it. First came Mr. and Mrs. James
Sterling, two sons, and a daughter—of no inter-
est whatever. Then there were two young men,
clerks in a neighboring drug-store; the last
two were utterly unimportant. But at the left
hand of one of them sat a young lady.”

At this point Ted glanced at Mra. Jones. But
apparently that bright litthe woman had no idea
of being jealous. She smiled back at her hus-
band.

“Well, Bradford, if ever I saw a beautiful
woman, there was one. You know I am a judge
of women.”

I thought of Jones’s experience behind the
counter, and assented.

“Such blue eyes! Such a head of golden
hair!’ (Another surreptitious glance at Mrs.
Jones.) “Well, I won’t go on. She was just
the very model of that woman with the baby up
in your room.”

Oh dear! oh dear! That was the way in which
Jones alluded to my photograph of Raphael’s
Madonna del Granduca.

“The very moment I looked at her I began to
think of angels. But I did not dare look long,
for there, right at her elbow, sat the most hid-
eous old woman you ever saw in your life. How
could it be? Was that dreadful old woman the
mother of that beautiful girl? She was. Our
landlady introduced us to Mrs. Marvin and her
daughter, Miss Emily Marvin. Oh! how beauti-
ful Miss Emily was when she lifted her eyes! I
actually felt my heart go pit-a-pat.”

What a woman Mrs. Jones was! Even this
did not disturb her.

“Well, we had not sat at that table long be-
fore I began to feel that we were in an atmos-
phere of romance. At our landlady’s left hand,
and just about as far from Miss Emily as he
could be put, sat a young man. He was a hand-
some fellow, too. His eyes and hair were dark,
and he had a strong, solid look, as if he had been
brought up in the country. He was just the
kind of man I'd sell a bill of goods to and send
them home without any C.O.D. mark. Our land-
lady introduced him as Mr. William Graham.

“Tt did not need a very sharp pair of eyes to
discover that Mr. Will Graham was in love with
Miss Emily. Eliza and I both understood it fully
before the evening was out. When we got to our
own room we talked it over, and we also decided
that the two young people were very unhappy.
Eliza said it was because Miss Marvin's mother
was opposed to the match. I had not got quite
as far as this, but in the course of a few days,
when I had seen considerably more of the young
couple, I felt sure she was right.

“One day, when I came home from the store a
little earlier than usual, Eliza said to me, ‘Ted, I

HARPER'S WEEKLY.

think there is something very mysterious about
Miss Emily.’

“* What is it?’ I asked.

“* Why, she is always so preoccupied. I spoke
to her to-day at lunch, and she answered me in
such a way that I felt sure she didn’t know in the
least what I had said. Then she is always so
busy! Our landlady asked her to go out for a
little walk to-day, by way of recreation, and she
made some hurried excuse, saying she couldn't

anywhere, she had so much to do.’

“TI told Eliza that women in boarding-houses
were always hunting up mysteries to gossip about.
There was probably nothing more remarkable
about Miss Emily’s preoccupation than that she
was busy over some new dress, and couldn’t make
the over-skirt fit. But the next night when I came
home Eliza had a new story. ~~.

“* Ted,’ she exclaimed, as soon As we got up to
our room after dinner, ‘I tell you I’m sure there’s
something very wrovg about that poor girl.’

“* What now ?’ I inquired.

“* Well,’ said Eliza, ‘I was going past their
room to-day after luncheon, when I heard a great
noise. Somebody was scolding, and somebody
was crying. Then the door opened and the old
lady came out. I happened to look into the room,
and there sat Miss Emily at her writing-desk.
The tears were streaming down her cheeks, and
her pen was going like wild-fire. The room
looked very queer. It was full of books, and
newspapers and magazines were lying all over the
floor. I heard Miss Emily talking to herself.
What she said I couldn’t make out. When I
got upstairs I lay down for a nap. Presently I
heard a queer noise. First I couldn’t think
what it was, but it seemed to come from the
gas fixture. I listened again, and then I made
up my mind that somebody was playing on the
bracket below as if it were a piano. I’ve always
said her actions were very strange, and Mrs. Smith
says so too. Fancy it—dquarrelling with her
mother, and writing like wild-fire, talking to her-
self, and playing tunes on a gas fixture! I tell
you, that’s it, Ted. I tell you, Edward, that that
beautiful young girl, with golden hair, great open
blue eyes, and a forehead just like that of a Ro-
man Catholic saint, is crazy -—stark, staring
crazy !’

“* Fiddlesticks, Eliza!’ I cried. ‘ You're crazy.
I tell you there’s nothing wrong about that girl's
mind any more than there is about mine.’ We
argued, and argued, and argued. But of course I
didn’t convince Eliza, and she didn’t convince me.

“ Now I must tell you, Bradford, how our rooms
were situated in that boarding-house. Old lady
Marvin, being an invalid, couldn’t go up and down
stairs, so our landlady had given her a back room
on the first floor. Eliza and I occupied the back
room on the second floor. Above our heads, on
the third floor, was Will Graham’s room. We
had often seen him going in and out of the door
just at the head of the staircase, and Eliza always
brought up as an evidence of his love for Miss
Emily the way he tramped up and down that room
at all hours of the night with his boots on.

“As a matter of course I paid no further at-
tention to what I felt certain was Eliza’s nonsense
about Miss Emily’s mind being out of order. But
one evening I went hurriedly up to my room after
dinner. I had just seen Miss Emily leave her
mother at the table and disappear upstairs. The
moment I got into our room I heard a most pe-
culiar noise. Whatonearthwasit? It sounded
like ‘ Tick tick tick—tick—tick tick—tick—tick
tick tick—tick tick tick,’ and it came from the
gas-pipe. ‘Oho!’ thought I, ‘there’s Eliza’s no-
tion. She did hear something, after all. Some-
body is knocking on that gas fixture.’ ‘ Playinga
tune,’ Eliza called it. Then all of a sudden a
strange thought came over me. ‘Phew!’ I gasp-
ed. ‘It’s so—it’s 80, just as sure as you’re born !’

“Now I must tell you, Bradford, that among
my earlier experiences in this life I was once a
telegraph operator. I didn’t work at the busi-
ness long, and I was extremely stupid at it; but
I did learn the sounds; I knew them all, dots
and dashes, just the horrid tick and succession
of ticks, and spaces between the ticks, that are
equivalent to the letters of the alphabet. And
here I heard them again. Yes, that was it. I
saw through the whole business at once, and as I
did so I just lay down on the bed and laughed
until 1 was afraid I'd have every button off my
waistcoat.

“Some one had told me once that Will Graham
was a telegraph operator. He had evidently
taught Miss Emily the art, and here they were
communicating with each other in the most sat-
isfactory fashion, while everybody imagined that
they were conducting themselves like perfect
strangers. Oh dear! oh dear! how I did laugh!
Then I waited patiently to hear what was being
said. It was a kind of eaves-dropping, certaiuly,
but how could I help it? The conversation I
had happened upon ran as follows:

“* How are you this evening ?’

“* Awfully tired. And you?’

“*Tired too. Mamma has been particularly
exasperating.’

“*Has she? Am I never to have a talk with

in?”

“*] don’t know. Keep up your spirits.’

“*T will, but it’s dreadfully trying.’

“*T think somebody's coming.’

“*Oh dear !’

“T heard a door open and shut, and I knew
that somebody had entered the room below. Con-
versation by way of the gas-pipe had ceased—
for that occasion, at least.

“T can’t tell vou how many of these conversa-
tions I listened to. Every time that mysterious
‘tick tick tick, tick tick’ would begin I couldn’t
help pricking up my ears. And oh! the sweet
things I did hear! One phrase that continually
palpitated down that gas-pipe was, ‘Emily, you
are just perfectly lovely.’

“The reply generally was, ‘Now, Will, don’t
be silly.’

“Instead of producing any effect, this usually
brought out some such sentiment as, ‘I never
saw you look so pretty as you did at dinner.’

“* Don’t be foolish.’

“*T will; I can’t help it. If any other fellow
gets you, I shail die.’

“Don’t talk nonsense. No other fellow ever
will.’

“*Tell me you love me.’

“*T won't.’

“ After this, silence would generally ensue.

‘Well, matters were going along in this fash-
ion when one day I began to think that the lov-
ers were giving a new turn to their conversations.
Was anything going to happen? Two or three
things were said that I didn’t understand. One
day I heard Miss Emily say to Will:

“*There’s no use; I’ve got to do it.’

“* What?

“*Kill her.’

“* All right.’

“* But I hate to; and I can’t think how.’

“* Shoot her.’

Nonsense !”

“ At this point Eliza came into the room, and
she made such a noise that I couldn’t hear any-
thing more. But not long afterward there were
more serious communications :

“* Dear, dear Will.’

“* What is it?”

“*T won't love you if vou won’t help me.’

“*T will help you—with all my might.’

“*Then tell me what is a good way to kill an
old woman

“* Arsenic.’

“*That won’t do at all.’

“* Blow her up with gunpowder.’

“*Nonsense! You don’t help me one bit.’

die for you.’

“*T don’t want you to die. I want her to die,
and I don’t know how to kill her.’

“** Well, kill her somehow, or she’ll be the death
of both of us. Do wear your blue dress to-mor-
row—you do look so pretty in it!’

“* Be atill.’

“ Night after night this thing went on. I saw
the young couple every day at dinner. Miss Em-
ily still looked like an angel; and as for Will
Graham, he seemed honest enough to be a dea-
con. (Ahem! I didn’t mean that.)

“ How could these two innocent-looking young
people be depraved enough to plot the murder of
a fellow-being in such a heartless manner? And
who could the fellow-being be ?—who but the poor
old lady to whom Miss Emily owed her being ?
I really began to pity the old soul. She was
nearly eighty, ugly and ill-tempered. But what
an awful fate—to live daily and hourly, to sleep
in the same bed, with the wretched girl, her own
daughter, who was plotting with her lover how
to thrust her out of life!”

Jones was really getting eloquent in his alarm.

“ All day long I thought about the matter. I
lost flesh, grew pale and nervous. My employers
and fellow-clerks could not imagine what was the
matter. Eliza grew alarmed; she threatened to
calla doctor. I was miserable, and my life a bur-
den, and all because of the wickedness of a
wretched girl whom I scarcely knew.

“It is no use to ask me why I did not tell
somebody what troubled me. I would have done
so if I could only have kept to one opinion long
enough. But—if you can understand—though
when I was in my own room, and heard that*ter-
rible tick tick of that horrible gas-pipe, I felt
sure some awful deed was in contemplation, yet
when daylight and I saw those two people face
to face I couldn’t believe it of them, they looked
80 innocent, so good; there was such an absence
of all suggestion of wickedness in those blue eyes
of Miss Emily, in that square, face of
Will Graham.

“Well, at last matters came to a crisis. It
Was one suinmer’s night. I had worked hard all
day, and was terribly worn out and nervous, I
came home ; had a chill or something. Anyway,
Eliza allowed me only a light dinner, and made

me go to bed early. During the evening the’

house was very quiet; the gas-pipe especially
was silent as the grave. I fancy I must have
fallen asleep, for I remember nothing between
Eliza’s coming upstairs about ten o’clock and
being awakened shortly before midnight by a
sound, coming, of course, from that gas-pipe. Of
late, you see, I had got so pervous over it that
the slightest sound from if woke me instantly.
Eliza slept on placidly as a dormouse at my
side.

“T listened intently. Whether it was my weak
condition or a presentiment, I don’t know, but I
felt sure at once that something dreadful was
coming. It did.

“*T’ve made up my mind, Will’—from below.

“* Well, what to do?’

“*Just as you said. Shooting’s the best.
She'll die instantly, you know, and I won’t have
any dying farewells to go through. I don’t feel
up to such a thing—have never had any practice
in just that line.’

“ Horrible girl! I thought. People don’t gen-
erally get much practice at murdering their mo-

“*Pm going to do it now, too. I’ve dallied
over it a dreadful while, and I’m going to have
it over by midnight. Then I'll breathe freer.
There'll be nothing more but the marriage, and
I can rest.’

“Was she a fiend? A red lie? Apparentl
they both were. :

“* All right; go at it.’ This from above. ‘Do
it up brown. [ll help you spend the money.’

“T could stand it no longer. ‘ Eliza!’ I shriek-
ed, ‘ there’s murder! murder! murder! going on
in this house. Get up! get up!’

“T simply flew up. In two seconds I had on
a pair of trousers andacoat. Eliza tried to hold
me, but I flung her off. There was no time to be

lost. I expected the sound of a pistol-shot be-

fore I could get down-stairs.

VOLUME XXX., NO. 1517.

“T went down three steps at a time. On my
way I met a party of ple coming from the
front room, where they had been playing whist.

“*Mr, Jones!’ shrieked our landlady, seeing
my excited face, and glancing at Eliza, who was
hurrying after me in her night dress.

“* Madam,’ I cried, ‘there’s murder going on
in your house. Come at once—come! To the
rescue, | command vou !’

“With the whole house following, I rushed to
the door of Miss Marvin’s room, I flung my
whole strength against the wood. A series of
shrieks came from within.

“*Tt’s locked ! it’s locked ! it’s locked!’ I cried.

“*Of course it’s locked, you indecent man,’
cried our landlady. ‘The ladies are gone to bed.
What do you mean ?’ |

“* Mean, madam!’ I cried; ‘I mean there’s
murder going on behind that door.’

“ By this time I had succeeded in convincing
somebody that some foul deed was under way,
for the two young men from the drug-store and

.both servants came rushing up. One bad the

fire tongs, the other the shovel, and one of the
servants had seized a decanter, which she evi-
dently meant to use as a bludgeon.

“Bent on saving that poor old lady from a
dreadful death at her daughter’s hands, I threw
my whole strength against that door. The drug
clerks helped me. There was a straining of the
wood, a bursting of the latch, the door gave way,
and there we stood in the midst of the room.
I gave one spring toward the murderess, and pin-
her in my arms.”

At this point Mrs. Jones, who had listened with
the utmost interest to her husband’s narrative,
burst into a peal of laughter. I Jaughed too, and
then meekly inquired of them both what I was
laughing at.

“ Well, Teddy, what was it? What happened
next?”

Teddy Jones gave a prolonged sigh. “ What
happened next? Why, that miserable wretch,
Will Graham, actually threatened to have me ar-
rested for assaulting his promised wife. Think
of is decent, respectable married man like
me !’

“But the murder—Miss Emily—what was it
all about ?”

“What was it all about?” The disgusted
look that Teddy had worn when literary people
were first spoken of came over his face again.
“ Why, it wasn’t anything. Miss Emily was one
of your precious literary people—writing a nasty
story with a murder in it. She and Will Gra-
bam had been engaged for three years. He usu-
ally helped her out with her plots. Just now
there was a family row because Will wouldn't
take the old lady’s money to go into business with.
Will said he would risk impoverishing her. The
old lady got provoked. She was tired of seeing
Will nothing but a telegraph clerk, so she said
they shouldn’t speak to each other until he came
wn senses and went into something for him-
ge

“ But how did Miss Emily come to understand
te phy?”

“Why, she was an operator herself. She didn’t
like it, and found writing, literatare—bah !”’
(Jones was contemptuous still) “‘—paid her bet-
ter. So she went at it, and, as I afterward learn-
ed, she really made a good thing of it.”

“ But what did they do to you for raising such
a terrible fuss in the house ?”

“Don’t speak of it. I thought those women
would never have done screaming and railing at
me. Will Graham took me upstairs by the ear,
and Eliza put me to bed. The landlady said I
had beliaved like a fiend, that her house had al-
ways been decent.and respectable, and that I had
ruined her. Old Mrs. Marvin kept having hyster-
ics twice a day for a fortnight. I had brain-fe-
ver for six weeks. Then, before I had more than
half recovered, they gave us warning, and Eliza
and I had to turn out into the street. Literary

people—ugh !”

THE UNITED STATES SENATE,

“Tue Senate never dies.” This is the parlia-
mentary way of saying that the terms of office
of the Senators, or of any large number of them,
never expire simultaneously, as the terms of all
the members of the House of Representatives
expire every two years. The Senate does its
work with that prodigality of leisure which only
an immortal body can assume to have, and with
a degree of dignity that is the despair of the
boisterous body which sits in the other end of
the Capitol. The Senate Chamber, with only sev-
enty-six members, is not crowded as the House
is with three hundred and twenty-five. The seats
are further apart, the aisles are never jammed,
as the aisles of the House always are, and Sena-
tors move about from one side of the Chamber
to the other with freedom, without causing con-
fusion or detracting from the dignity of the pro-
ceedings. Groups of them carry on conversa-
tions in an under-tone while mere routine busi-
ness engages the Senate, and sometimes as many
as half the seats are vacant, when all the Sena-
tors are within hearing of the Clerk if he should
call the roll. Nor does the Senate have to cramp
itself with a multiplicity of rules which restrict
the individual liberty of Senators.

As a rule, deliberative bodies never find time
for deliberation, and to this rule the Senate is
one of the few exceptions. Senators not only
deliver set speeches ou subjects under considera-
tion without a limit on their time, but if there be
any other subject on which a Senator wishes to
be heard, he can make occasion for a speech
by introducing a resolution and speaking to it.
There is therefore all the opportunity for ora-
tory that the popular tradition associates with
legislative bodies in general, There are always
several Senators who seldom rise from their seats
except to deliver carefully prepared orations.

1
|
' |
| thers.

JANUARY 16. 1886.

Others are “ working” Senators, who seldom give
formal notice, as the orators do, that “ to-morrow
] shall ask leave to address the Senate” on such
and such a subject. Nearly all the set vrations
are thus announced in advance, and a stranger
can always know by the number of persons in the
galleries on any morning whether a great speech
js to be delivered on that day.

The rules of the Senate exclude all persons
from the floor while it is in session, except mem-
bers, members of the House, and other high offi-
cers, but Senators can admit their private secre-
taries bycard. Ifthe phrase “ private secretaries”
includes newspaper correspondents, friends of
Senators, and prominent visitors to the Capitol,
this is simply an evidence of the elasticity of par-
liamentary phraseology. When Dr. Otiver Wen-
nELL Hotmes entered the Chamber one day just
before the holiday recess, some one asked how he
gained admission. “Oh,” said Senator Evarts,
‘he is my private secretary.” When the Senate
goes into executive session to discuss treaties or
nominations made by the President, no one but
Senators is admitted either to the floor or to the
galleries.

On the left side of the Chamber, which is the
Republican side, Senator Epmunps is the most
notable figure. He occupies one of the seats in
the front row a little to the left of the centre.
The late Senator ANTHONY occupied the adjacent
seat on one side, and Senator Logan occupies the
one on the other side. Mr. Epmunps has now
had a longer continuous term of service than any
of his associates. In 1866 he was appointed to
fill an unexpired term, and he has been return-
ed at every successive Senatorial election. Mr.
SuermMan entered the Senate five years earlier,
but the continuity of his service was interrupt-
ed for four years, during which he was Secre-
tary of the Treasury under President Hays. It
is noteworthy that he is the only member of the
Senate who was a member during the war. There
are several Senators, however, who were mem-
bers of the House before 1861 and between 1861
and 1865. Mr. Sauissury, of Delaware, has been
a member of the Senate consecutively since 1871,
and Mr. Locan’s first term began at the same
time, but for two years, 1877-9, he was not a
member. The youngest member of the Senate
is Senator Kenna, of West Virginia, who, when
he took his seat in 1883, was only thirty-five
years of age. Of the members on the Demo-
cratic side of the Chamber, Senator Voorngexrs
and Senator Brcx, by their stature and by the
frequency of their speaking, are among the first
to become familiar to visitors. Senator Brown
occupies the most conspicuous seat on that side,
the first one directly in front of the chair, and
Senator Haupron, who has one of the most im-
posing and familiar faces in the whole Chamber,
sits in the hindmost seat of all.

The dignified formule of the Senatorial speech
are not always rigidly used in the committee-
rooms and coat-rooms. While one Senator is
delivering a philosophical or statistical oration
to the country or to his party, groups of others
will be enjoying cigars and jokes just beyond
the reach of his oratory. Of those who have
achieved peculiar distinction, Senator Vancs, of
North Carolina, Senator Vest, of Missouri, and
Senator BLacxsurn, of Kentucky, are pre-eminent
among the present Senators.

THE ROMAN ALPHABET IN
JAPAN,

BY A JAPANESE.

TxE object of the Romaji Kai (Roman Alpha-
bet Association) is to introduce the use of the
Roman letters, instead of Chinese ideographs,
for writing the Japanese language. Of the twen-
tv-six letters, four, namely, L, Q, V, and X, are
not used in writing Japanese. When a language
can be adequately represented to the eve by twenty-
two signs indicating sounds, why waste time and
effort by continuing to represent it by many thou-
sands of symbols pictorially indicating objects and
ideas? Itis a labor of years to learn to write the
Japanese language as at present written, namely,
with Chinese characters, supplemented by the
Kana syllabary. The two syllabaries, the Aata-
kana and Hi were invented by Japanese
scholars in the eighth and ninth centuries of the
Christian era. They are based upon a selected
number of Chinese characters used as merely
phonetic signs. In the former, only one side or
portion of the ideograph is written ; in the latter,
generally the whole character, in its “grass” or
contracted form. To learn to write Japanese with
the Roman alphabet requires hardly as many
weeks as the present method requires years.
How great, then, will be the saving of time and
labor effected by substituting the alphabet for
ideographs as the instrument of Japanese written
speech !

Their excessive number, however, is not the only
disadvantage of the Chinese written signs. Upon
their introduction into Japan it was early found
impossible to restrict the employment of them to
the expression of purely J words of cor-
responding signification. The Chinese sounds—
or rather a more or less inaccurate approxima-
tion of the Chinese sounds—came to be gradually
imported into the language of Japan along with
the written symbols. It has therefore come to
pass that in Japanese books one and the same
character is at times used as the equivalent of a
Japanese word, and at other times as the equiv-
alent of the synonymous Chinese word. Nay,
more: besides this source of confusion, when the
characters are used with their proper ideographic
values, there is a further element of doubt and
difficulty imported into written Japanese by the
circumstance that many of the characters are oc-
casionally employed as merely phonetic signs, ir-
respective of their meanings ; sometimes to. rep-
resent the mere sounds of a Japanese word, at
other times the mere sound of a Chinese word.

HARPER'S

Thus the difficulty of the ideographs arising from
their numerical superabundance is aggravated by
ambiguities in the modes of using them.

Another disadvantage of the Chinese charac-
ters is the complexity of their form and struc-
ture. Although some scores of them are writ-
ten with no more than three or four strokes of
the pencil each, there are thousands of others
requiring each as many as ten, twenty, thirty,
and sometimes even more than forty distinct
movements of the hand for their formation. To
write these complex combinations of lines, curves,
and points always at full length was a task too
much even for Chinese patience; and at least
two distinct varieties of abbreviated handwriting
came into general use both in China and Japan,
namely, the “cursive” and the “grass” script. In
multitudes of cases, however, these contracted
forms of the characters are so destitute of any
likeness to the original forms as to afford no aid
whatever to the eye or to the intellect in detect-
ing their identity. To acquire the quicker modes
of writing involves, therefore, a further consider-
able expenditure of time, and fresh demands upon
the already overburdened memory.

It is certain that the excessive expenditure of
mental power in one direction diminishes the
stock available for use in other directions. In
the effort of learning by heart thousands of in-
tricate symbols of sounds and ideas, the memory
is exercised and strengthened at the expense of
some of the other intellectual faculties. To this
cause, doubtless, must be in large measure at-
tributed the comparative backwardness of the
Chinese mind, and its deficiency in the powers
of abstraction and generalization. By the in-
vention of the two syllabaries, some ten centuries
ago, Japan partially emancipated herself from
the thralldom of the Chinese script; but no com-
plete deliverance is possible otherwise than by
wholly discarding it in favor of a purely alpha-
betic system.

Another reason for making the desired change
of script is the rapid spread amongst the Japanese
people of Western knowledge. So long as the
literature of China formed the sole staple of.edu-
cation in Japan, little inconvenience arose from
the multiplicity and intricacy of the Chinese
ideographs. But now that European science is
being eagerly studied and assimilated by the ris-
ing generation, the need of a simpler and easier
script for the expression and propagation of the
new ideas becomes every day more palpable. The
most convenient course, evidently, is to adopt the
new terms, as well as the new ideas, bodily into
the language ; and this can not properly be done
unless the writing in use be alphabetic.

It is scarcely necessary to point out the sub-
sidiary advantages which the Japanese people
will derive from the employment of an alphabet
in which the languages of the leading nations of
the world are written. Once familiarized with
the phonetic values of the letters in the writing
of their own tongue, the acquirement of English
or any other European language will be much
facilitated, and the incorporation of new words
into the national vocabulary can be made with-
out difficulty. On the other hand, foreigners in-
terested in Japan, whether as merchants, officials,
missionaries, or inquirers, will find that a main
obstacle to knowledge has been removed from
their path when an insight into the thoughts
and doings of the people can be obtained with-
out the inordinate sacrifice of time and effort
that has hitherto been necessary. Thus from
both ends at once the channel of intellectual
communication between Japan and the Western
world will be widened and deepened by the em-
ployment in common of the Roman alphabet.

THE “DOLPHIN’S” LAST TRIAL
TRIP.

Havina already taken more trial trips than
any other national war vessel of this or any age,
the Dolphin has finally succeeded in getting her-
self approved—if the predictions freely made
concerning the convictions of the new Board of
Experts are carried out. Her commander, the
gallant Captain Ricnarp W. Means, who has sail-
ed the seas for thirty-five years, determined to
show her running and staying qualities in the
worst marine neighborhood at the worst season
of the year, and accordingly took her from com-
fortable quarters at Newport to the tempestuous
surroundings of Cape Hatteras. In twenty-four
hours and fifty minutes he made the three hun-
dred and forty miles from the starting place to
Cape Henry, that is to say, at the rate of fourteen
knots an hour, and when finally in sight of Cape
Hatteras his joy was unbounded to find a gule
blowing sixty miles an hour, with waves small
mountains high, and a good prospect of plenty of
them.

Into the face of that gale the good Dolphin
ran, her entire hull being almost constantly wash-
ed by the water, while the grativgs around her
pilot-house were torn off and carried away. The
engineers, fourteen feet below the deck, experi-
enced some apprehension when the floods
to pour down at their feet, but it was valiantly
resolved to keep her at full speed. After several
hours of this struggle, Captain Mzapg concluded
to let her go at about half speed, and things be-
came brighter.

The Dolphin’s seamen came back from this
visit to Cape Hatteras in midwinter with a pro-
found respect for the sailing qualities of their
celebrated craft, and very iteld has been said by
the Board of Experts, since her return, about her
“ structural weakness.” They are Captain Brown,
Engineer Hare, and Mr. Stover, and their written
report as to the performance and capacities of
the Dolphin under most trying circumstances is
awaited with much interest. Believers in the fu-
ture of that famous vessel insist that her speed
on this latest trial trip would have been greater
had the soft coal used for fuel been better clean-

WEEKLY.

ed, and had the firemen been accustomed to work
with such fuel. Everybody commends, however,
the pluck and executive force of Captain Meapr,
whose exploits around stormy Cape Hatteras re-
call the best and earliest days of American sea-
manship.

THE BABY IN UTAH. .

In Utah there was a simplicity which reminded
me of nothing so much as Wilkie’s pictures, It
was pure rusticity. Above all, “the baby” was in
great force. What an ineffable person the baby
is! I am not at all sure that they might not be
improved upon—but let that pass. As they are,
they are well worth studying. They are diplo-
matists of the most experienced kind, and there
is nothing in the world which is not within the
scope of a baby’s ambition. They are very un-
communicative about their likes, leaving their sat-
isfaction to be inferred from their complacency,
but their dislikes they proclaim with considerable
diligence and emphasis. There is, indeed, no
mistaking those things to which a baby objects,
for it leaves no room for misapprehension ; but
content is expressed only by a profound silence.
This is truly royal, for kings and emperors in the
Same way do not condescend to express delight
with any effusion, but, on the contrary, leave it to
be understood that they are pleased by not exhib-
iting any demonstration of displeasure. ‘Every
baby is born a prince” —and nothing truer was ever
said. Few of them, it is true, grow up kings, but ev-
ery cradle nevertheless is a throne, and the bottle,
the rattle, and the night-light are the sacred in-
signia of sovereign rule. Sycophants are forever
hovering round the tiny magnate, vying with each
other to catch a smile or win a chuckle, and even
when they fail, pretending to each other that they
have succeeded.

Meanwhile the baby. Flattery is wasted upon
him, and adulation does not affect him. To the
intrigues of sycophants and the deferential blan-
dishments of visitors he responds with impartial
serenity, going to sleep under a storm of compli-
ments, or turning to his bottle in the very midst
of a siege of caresses. He betrays no pleasure
in wealth, or beauty, or intellect, and lets slip no
sign of interest in sensational intelligence. The
whole Dream of Fair Women might pass in pro-
cession, and he would not check a yawn, while if
an empire were falling in ruins about him, he
would not take his eyes off the gas-light. This
wonderful philosophy, which withstands unmoved
the assaults of female beauty, and accepts with-
out a gesture of surprise or regret the downfall
of nations, baffles adult conjecture and routs logic.
There is no arguing with a baby, for it has no
premises in its syllogisms, and expresses itself by
conclusions only, the unqualified affirmative or
unqualified negative. If it will, it does, and if it
will not, there is an end of the matter. One might
as well offer a suggestion to the equinoxes as to
the baby. Such being the case, and the baby re-
fusing to respond to hints, there is nothing for
it but to accept quiescence as satisfaction, and
screaming as the reverse. The arrangement, per-
haps, is not a bad one, for it saves everybody a
world of trouble. On the one hand, the baby
finds itself under no necessity of explaining either
the gradations of pleasure or the causes for its
disapprobation. Like the wise judge, it gives
its decision, but not the reasons for it. The
door is thus closed against haggling, and the te-
dious unravelling of cause and effect is avoided.
The baby’s friends, on the other hand, find a
sharp line laid down for them of likes and dis-
likes, and have not to puzzle and perplex them-
selves about any debatable border-land of tastes,
any probable this or possible that. They are saved
all the worries of uncertainty, and are not dis-
tracted among a large choice of expedients. If
the baby is quiet, it is happy. If it is not quiet,
hold it upside down, and if it is still disturbed,
give it some refreshment. This delightful sim-
plicity of treatment makes it possible, therefore,
even though the baby is reticent, to arrive with
accuracy at the state of its feelings, and it also
circumscribes the sphere of its pleasures so ex-
actly as to make it unnecessary to seek for va-
riety. What babies hate is irregularity. They
want very little, but they like that little often
and punctually. It is of no use, therefore, when
the baby wants to be turned round and patzed on

' the back, to try to put it off with an exhibition of

the old masters, or to hold it up to look at a re-
gatta. This only makes it scream. Procrasti-
nation in bottles makes the baby mad. For
the baby there is nothing in all history, let
it be steam machinery or the Edmunds Bill,
electricity or the Habeas Corpus Act, so im-
portant as the invention of India-rubber tubing,
and it would rather see the sun, moon, and stars
drop out of the skies than take its thumb out of
its mouth. Why is it, then, that so many mo-
thers carry their infants “in arms” about with
them to theatres and picnics, to places of re-
freshment and of recreation? Even though, as
I have already said, we can not be sure that ba-
bies enjoy these festivities unless they tell us so,
there is great reason for believing, by inference
from their customary behavior, that they would
much rather be left at home.

Few mothers, however, of the class to which I
refer, have the heart to leave their bairns at home.
They can not, like the squaws, hang their pa-
pooses up in baskets from the roofs of the wig-
wams, or, like the women of the South-sea Isl-
ands, sling their infants up to the boughs of trees
while they go about their work. The American
or the British baby is not a primitive person, and
if it is not punctually attended to, soon lets every-
body in the neighborhood into the secret. The
papoose may suffer and be strong, but that is
only because the papoose sees no chance of ad-
vantage from protest. The Feejee piccaninny also
may acquiesce in its abnormal hammock from a
philosophic sense of necessity. But the Baby of
Freedom fully understands-that he is the result

45

of natural selection, that he survives because he .
is the fittest, and that he is “the heir of ail the
ages in the foremost files of time.” He sees,
moreover, that parents, servants, and visitors fully
recognize these important facts, and so, wielding
the sceptre while he may, he rules the household
with a rod of iron. If he does not wish to be
put down, somebody has to hold him, and as he
will not lie quietly alone, somebody has to carry
him about. An opportunity for a holiday pre-
sents itself to the parents, but the baby has no
intention of being overlooked. The mother must
either take the infant with her or leave it at home
tochoke, and, to her credit be it said, she generally
adopts the former alternative. And whata weary
strain the precious burden becomes before the
evening’s enjoyment is over! It is of no use
for the father to offer to hold it. The baby
detects the irregularity at once. Equally futile
is it to talk of “putting the baby down,” for
it refuses to be treated liké a parcel or a riot.
The little creature is inexorable, selecting always
the moments of greatest discomfort to increase
embarrassment by its complaints, or the instant
when silence would be more than golden to lift
up its voice in remonstrance. In the long-run it
has its way, for if the mother intends to be hap-
py herself, she must see that the baby is satisfied
with its circumstances ; and so, under the honor-
able terms of a mutual respect, both mother and
child manage somehow to “have a good time”
together. Pui. Rosinson.

PETER M. ARTHUR.

THE application last week of the engineers
and firemen employed upon the elevated roads.
for a re-adjustment of the schedule of wages and
of hours of labor in accordance with which the
roads had been run seemed for a day or two like-
ly to paralyze the internal communication of the
city. A stoppage of the elevated roads for a
day would, directly or indirectly, entail incon-
venience upon almost every family on Manhattan
Island, and positive distress upon some thou-
sands of families, without counting those whom
a strike would deprive of their means of sup-
port.

Scarcely anything in the economy of modern
society is more curious than the contrast between
the enormous responsibilities of the men who are
intrusted with the lives of passengers, by sea or
land, and the co1apensation they receive for taking
those responsibilities. The command of one of
the great steamers in the Atlantic trade is the
highest prize within the scope of a sailor’s ambi-
tion. The sailor who reaches it finds hundreds
of lives intrusted on every passage to his skill,
watchfulness, and resolution. Except that of a
commander on the field of battle, there is no
situation more trying than his in dark and doubt-
ful weather, when mind and body are kept upon
the rack of anxiety sometimes for days together. -
Yet his pay is less than what is given on shore
for services which require a very moderate outfit,
in comparison with his, of skill, experience, and
courage, and the responsibilities of which do not
involve human lives. The engineers of railway
trains do not receive the highest wages of skilled
labor, although in addition to the skill they need
they are called upon for the exercise of continual
vigilance, and often of prompt and sound judg-
ment, under the heaviest of all possible penalties.

These considerations no doubt had much to do’
with the general expression of sympathy in the
application of the engineers for shorter hours and
higher wages. This feeling was freely expressed
even by those who do not commonly take the
side of the employed in any labor dispute. But
however much of it may have been due to the
popular estimate of the merits of the case, much
was certainly due to the admirable prudence,
moderation, and good judgment shown by the
representatives of the dissatisfied engineers, and
indeed by the whole body. Mr. Perzr M. Artuor,
Grand Chief of the Brotherhood of Locomotive
Engineers, whose portrait is given in this issue,
was sent for from his home in Cleveland as soon
as the grievances of the engineers had been for-
mulated, and it seemed doubtful whether the
companies would concede the changes the engi-
neers demanded. This was done in accordance
with a wise rule of the Brotherhood, by which a
local branch or “division” is not allowed to go
on strike until the strike is sanctioned by the
Grand Chief, whose judgment has not been dis-
turbed by local and personal animosities. It at
once became evident, as indeed it had often been
shown in like cases before, that Mr. ARTHUR was
precisely the man for this function. Although
he decided that the demands of the engineers
were upon the whole reasonable, he deprecated
all violence of speech and all spitefulness of pro-
cedure. Ina speech to the men while the dispute
was pending, and while it was uncertain what the
companies would do, he counselled them that they
should not throw up their situations if all their
demands were not granted in the form in which
they were put, and reminded them that only in
one or two cases in his experience had dissatis-
fied engineers “ got all they wanted,” though in
very few cases had they failed to better their
condition. The result of hid temperate and con-
ciliatory mediation was that there was no strike,”
that the day’s work of the engineers was short-
ened to nine hours, and that the other points in
dispute were decided in their favor.

The Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers was
founded in 1863 by a few engineers with tlie
purpose of making it a benevolent society. In
the intervening time it has become the most pow- |
erful and perhaps the most intelligent trades-
union in the country; and its power has been
very greatly increased during the past few years
while Mr. Arraur has been at its head, and has
exerted himself, almost always with success, to
secure a fair and peaceable settlement of dis-
putes. |

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WEEKLY. VOLUME XXxX., NO. 1517.

—_—

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ABDOMINAL Test

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CIVIL SERVICE EXAMINATION FOR THE NEW YORK POLICE.—Drawn sy W. P. Sxypex.—[See Pace 46. ]

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——

JANUARY 16, 1886. HARPER’S WEEKLY.

INCOTT. ment of Mr. Lrerrncorr the busi-

incort publications
Lippincott, which occurred at to Bibles and
Philadelphia on the morning of books, which: were gotten up
the 5th inst., has removed from with an elaborate and artistic ex-
that city ternal finish,and in which line
i most highly respected the h did a,h trade.
habitants, and by his death an- Gradually the field wep-anteniad
other distinguished name is add- and other departments estab-

\\

SSS

ed to the long list of those who lished, until to-day the publica-
tions of J. B. Lirpincorr & Co.

embrace thousands of titles.

The growth of the business,
which kept even pace with the
growth of Philadelphia, com-
pelled the firm to seek larger
quarters, and, after one inter-
mediate move, the present spa-
cious building on Market Street
was erected.

Lippincott’s Magazine was
first established in 1868, with
Mr. Lioyp SmirH as its editor.
Several. other periodicals have
from time to time been put for-
ward by this house. In all
these ventures Mr. J. B. Lipprn-.
cott was the controlling figure.
His devotion to his work in all
its details was constant and
untiring. He was a man of
large capacity and great energy,
and at all times a thorough
Philadelphian. He was for
many years a director of the
Reading Railroad, and was also
a director of the Philadelphia
Saving Fund, the Academy of
Fine Arts, and the Union League,
and a trustee of the University
of Pennsylvania.

His death was due to Bright’s
disease, complicated by an affec-
tion of the heart, and superin-
duced by a severe attack of
pneumonia, which prostrated
him about two years ago. He
had been confined to his bed for
about a month; He leaves an
estate estimated in the millions,

x

have died within a twelvemonth.
For more than half a century
the firm of Lippincorr & Co.
has been identified with the
book-publishing interests of the
country. Mr. J. B. Lirpincorr
was the founder of this firm.
He was a New-Jerseyman by
birth, having been born of
Quaker parents at Burlington,
New Jersey, seventy-four years
ago. Having received an ordi-
nary common-school education,
he obtained employment in a
bookstore at Philadelphia, arriv-
ing at that city in 1827. Two
years later, when only eighteen
years of age, he was placed in
full charge of the establish-
ment. His aptitude for the
business in which he had chosen
to engage was apparent from
the outset, and in less than ten
‘years after the arrival of this
country lad in Philadelphia he
was at the head of the publish-
ing firm of J. B. Lippincorr &
Co., which firm has existed con-
tinuously ever since. In 1850,
by the purchase of the entire
stock of the long-established
house of & Extiorr, Mr.
Lippincott placed his firm at the
head of the book trade in Phila-
delphia. Their establishment
was then at the corner of Fourth
and Race streets—an almost his-
torical stand, inasmuch as it was
there, or close.by, that Benzamin
Jounsoy founded the book busi-
ness toward the close of the last
century, being succeeded by
Benjamin WaRNER, who in turn
gave up to Joun GricG and
The purehase
by Lippincott & Co. of Grieg &
establishment was re-
garded at the time as a trans-
action of unparalleled magni-
tude, for although the stock
would not perhaps to-day be
considered large, it involved the
investment of what was in those
days a very considerable sum of
money.

Under the personal manage-

ZZ

BANKING UP” FOR WINTER.

Ir is said that there are por-
tions of this globe, noticeably in
the neighborhood of the north
pole, that are colder in the win-
ter*season than the Territory of
Dakota; but it would at times
be a difficult matter to convince
the residents of Dakota that
such is the case, When, as
happens. frequently, theré steais
over the plains of Dakota a frigid
wave, so very frigid that you can

THE UNITED STATES DISPATCH-BOAT “DOLPHIN” OFF CAPE HATTERAS.—Daawn ny J. 0. Davinson.—[See Pace 43.] -

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VAC
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JOSHUA B. sy F. Gurexunst,
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46

almost see it, speculation as to the relative

of cold ceases to be a matter of any profit, and
when this extremely low temperature is accom-
panied by a gale of wind known in that locality
as a“ blizzard,” life itself appears profitiess. In
view of these climatic freaks the residents of
Dakota’s airy plains have « sensible habit, at
about the time cold weather is due, of very ef-
fectually weather-stripping their houses. The
artist has furnished an interesting picture of this
operation, which is as common on the Dakota
plains as the addition of winter storm doors to
country houses is in the East. Residences which
meet all the requirements of summer life on the
plains—litule plain clap-boarded houses— would
be about as comfortable during the winter season
as a gauze shirt and a sun-umbrella in Green-
land. Fortunately nature supplies an excellent
variety of sod, and ere the days grow short in
the autumn the prudent householder puts an
overcoat of this material upon his dwelling. It
is slightly damaging to the paint, and when it is
removed in the spring-time the house is apt to
have the appearance of having been swallowed
by an earthquake and dug up again. But peo-
ple who live on the plains do not, as a rule, care
much for appearances.

REST AWHILE.

I wrt be still to-day and rest
I will be still and let life drift ;
I am so tired that it is best
Neither my hands nor eyes to lift.
I am so tired—it is vo use
My will can pot my need obey ;
O Care, I ask a few hours’ truce,
I pray thee let me rest to-day.

And so, shut up in restfal gloom,
I let my hands drop listiessly ;
Within my dim and silent room
I wonld not move, or hear, or see.
Oblivion dropped on me her balm,
I fell on slumber deep and sweet,
And when I woke was strong and calm,
And full of rest from bead to feet.

So, toiler in life’s weary ways,
Pity thyself, for thon most tire;
Both body, mind, and heart have days
They can not anewer their desire.
Birds in all sexsons do not sing,
Flowers have their time to bloom and fall;
There is not any living thing
Can auswer (0 a ceascless call.

Sometimes, tired head, seck slumber deep;
Tired hands, no burden try to lift;

Tired heart, thy watch let others Keep,
Pity thyrelf and let life drift.

A few hours’ rest perchance may bring
Relief from weariness and pain ;

And thou from listless languors spring,
And giadly lift thy work again.

SELECTING POLICEMEN.

Ix a committee of the New York Civil Service
Reform Association, of whom the State Commis-
sion had requested advice touching the applica-
tion of the reform act to the police departments
of cities, the question was raised as to what
should be the requirements for applicants as to
their physical condition. “A policeman,” sug-
gested one of the members, a prominent editor
of this city, “ought at least to be able to run
away from a thief.” This standard of physical
qualification does not seem an unreasonably high
one, but as a matter of fact it is one with which
a considerable number, if not the greater num-
ber, of the older members of the New York police
could not comply. It is the opinion of one of the
few trained athletes on the force that two out of
three of the patrolmen now in the service could
not run a quarter of a mile at the top of their
speed—which would not be great—without be-
ing hopelessly “ blown,” if not completely broken
down. One of the most striking and one of the
most excellent features of the system of exami-
nations provided under the civil service act of
May 29, 1884, as applied to the police force, is
that the physical condition and capacity of can-
didates for appointment must be thoroughly test-
ed, and if the candidate fails in this test he is
promptly rejected.

We give this week some illustrations of the
manner in which these physical tests are made.
They are by no means complex, but they are very
effective. Of course a medical examination pre-
cedes every other. The ordinary investigation is
made by the police surgeons, in order to detect
any obvious defect in constitution or health. This
has always been the case. But these examina-
tions have not always been trustworthy, because
the Commissioners have not always desired that
they should be so. It was in evidence before
the famous Rooskrvect investigation committee in
1883 that a hint from a Commissioner, “ the pull”
of an applicant, had added enough to the appli-
cant’s weight or stature to bring him within the
requirements of the rules, though the same tape
measure and scales under the eyes of the same
surgeons had previously disclosed a considerable
deficiency. But under the reform system, honest-
ly applied, the applicant, even if certified to be
physically sound, has to stand his chances in an
a competition, and favoritism would be of no
avail.

After the applicants have secured the surgeon’s
certificate, they are brought in “ classes” of con-
venient size into the exercising hall of an up-
town nasium, where they are made to go
th a variety of apparently simple exercises
devised by the “ Professor,” and approved by In-
spector Byawnzs, of the police, Chief Bonner, of
the Fire Department, and Mr. Woopmay, secretary
of the City Civil Service Board. They are asked,
for instance, to lie down flat on their backs on
the floor, clasping their hands over their heads,
and then to rise to a sitting posture. It looks
easy enough, as the “ Professor” throws himself
down and bobs in to show them what is
meant, but fully one-half the men fail to fullow

HARPER’S WEEKLY.

his example. They are also asked to raise dumb-
bells of various weights with either hand ; to raise
a weight with a pulley; to grasp a horizontal bar
a few inches beyond their reach and to raise their
own weight slowly till their chins touch the bar
as often as they can; to run a race of a quarter
of a mile with a half-dozen competitors around
the room. After each exercise the expert, under
the direction of the Examining Board, takes notes
of their success, and marks their attainment. By
the time they have completed these and some
other exercises they have a a very good idea
of their bodily capacity. e percentage of those
who fail to pass this ordeal varies, but it is al-
ways sufficient to show that the service is very
effectively protected by its results.

These processes of sifting, it must be remem-
bered, are altogether preliminary. They bring
the applicant only to the threshold of a competi-
tion in other qualifications. It will be readily
seen that they are very important, and that they
are a great improvement on the mere surgeon’s
examination, even supposing this to be as thor-
ough as it can be made. There is another pre-
liminary requirement now insisted on more care-
fully than under the old system, though still
capable of a good deal of development. This is
the examination as to character and previous ex-
perience. Every applicant must furnish the cer-
tificate of three citizens that he is of good char-
acter, and these must be given, preferably, by his
employers. These are investigated by officers of
the department. The signers of the certificates
are also required to state their willingness to give
any further information asked for, and to have
their names made public. And the examiners
may take such other steps as they find proper to
ascertain the applicant’s character and anteced-
ents. If he is found to have had experience
specially fitting him for police work, he is given
the benefit of it in his marking.

After the physical examination, in which the
applicant must attain a fair marking in order to
get any further, and in which his marks above
the minimum are to his credit in subse-
quent competition, there is a further examination,
strictly competitive, relating almost exclusively
to natural or acquired aptitude for police service.
The questions in this examination are prepared
by Inspector Byrngs,end they are very search-
ing. It is worthy of note that this experienced
officer subjects applicants to a series of inquiries
far more rigid and minute than any one outside
the department would have ventured to prepare.
The applicant is given a certain number of se-
lected extracts from the rules and regulations
governing the conduct of patrolmen, and is al-
lowed a reasonable time to study them. He is
then questioned in detail regarding his under-
standing of, them, and as to how he would act in
trying to carry them out. He is also questioned
closely as to his knowledge of the streets of the
city, the situation, of public ways and places,
such as railway stations, ferries, courts, the lines
of street railways, etc. Beyond these questions
attention is paid only to his knowledge of writing
and reading, and the simpler rules of arithmetic,
such as he would be required to use in actual
service.

These examinations have as their chief and
essential value the fact that they are competitive,
and the competition practically shuts out political
favoritism. Even where the Commissioners are
disposed to prefer one man over others, they can
do nothing for him but send him before the ex-
aminers to subinit to the physical and other tests.
Were the examinations merely “ pass” examina-
tions—that is to say, if any man might be ap-
poiuted who reached a certain minimum grade—
the Commissioners could easily select their fa-
vorites. But they can not do this. They must
make their appointments from those standing
highest as the result of competition, and they
have no means of telling who these will be.
Honestly and intelligently applied, as we believe
it is at present, the competitive system is practi-
cally a complete bar to the corrupt and enerva-
ting influence of politics on the police force, and
a very efficient means of promoting the selection.
of the best men. The tenure of the police is for
good behavior, with the certainty of a fair pen-
sion if disabled in the service. The pay is high,
and the position is an honorable one. With a
system of appointment for merit, fairly tested,
there is no reason why the force in New York
should not ultimately become what it has some-
times in derision been called, “ the finest in the
world.”

SNUG LITTLE FORTUNES

May be had by all who are am | intelligent and
as to embrace the opportunities which occa-
sionally are offered them. Hatuerr & Co., Portland
Maine, have —r new to offer in the line ot
work which you can do for them, and live at home
The profits of many are immense, and every worker is
sure of over $5 a day; several have made over $50 in
a single day. All ages; both sexes Capital not re-
quired ; you are started free ; all particularsfree. You
bad better write to them at once.—[Adv.]

HORSFORD’S ACID PHOSPHATE,
IN DEBILITY.

De. W. H. Hotcomer, New Orleans, La., says: “I
found it an admirable remedy for debilitated state of
the system, produced by the wear and tear of the
uervous energies." —{ Adv.)

Soort’s Emulsion of Pare Cod-Liver Oil with Hypo-
hosphites, in C ton and Wasting Diseases. —
r.C. W. m1 Pa., says: “I think

your Emalsivn of Cod-Liver Oi) is very aseful in con-

sumption aud wasting diseases. ’’—{ Adv.)

HOARSENESS,
IRRITATION OF THE THROAT, AND COUGHS.
All ee from there complaints will be

ably surp at the immediate relief afforded by
“ Brown's Bronchial Troches.” Sold only in bowes.
Price % cents

ALLEN DODWORTH,
No. 681 Fifth Avenue, N. Y.,

Assisted by his son, Fraanx Dopworrn. Classes and
private lessons in Dancing. See Circular for terma,
etc.—{ Ade.

Ir yon suffer from looseness of the bowels, Aneos-
Tura Bitrers will surely cure you. Beware of coun-

terfeits and ask your or dru t for the genuine
prepared by . J. G. B.

Wauen everything else fails, Dr. Sage’s Catarrh Rem-
edy cures.—(Adv.}

ADVICE TO MOTHERS.

Mas. Winstow’s Soormme Sravr should always be
used for children teething. It soothes the child, soft-
ens the gums, allays all pain, cures wind colic, and is
the best remedy for diarrhea. 25c. a bottle.—[Adv.)

ADVERTISEMENTS.

|

GOLD MEDAL, PARIS, 1878.
BAKER’

o>... Cocoa,

pg Warranted absolutely pure

if Cocoa, from which the excess of

cup. It is delicious, nourishing,
strengthening, easily digested, and
admirably adapted for invalids as

and is therefore far more economi-
|
SUGAR
CATHARTIC

cal, costing less than one cent a
COATED

Headache, Nausea, Dizziness, and Drowsi-
ness. They stimulate the Stomach, Liver,
and Bowels, to healthy action, assist diges-

tion, and increase the appetite. They
combine cathartic, diuretic, and tonic
properties of the greatest value, are a
purely vegetable compound, and may be
taken with perfect safety, cither by chil-
dren or adults. E. L. Thomas, Framing-
ham, Mass., writes: “For a number of
years I was subject to violent Headaches,
arising from a disordered condition of the
stomach and bowels. About a year ago I
commenced the use of Ayer’s Pills, and
have not had a headache since.” W. P.
Hannah, Gormley P. O., York Co., Ont.,
writes: “I have used Ayer’s Pills for the
last thirty years, and can safely say that I
have never found their equal as a cathartic
medicine. I am never without them in
my house.” C. D. Moore, Elgin, IIl.,
writes: “Indigestion, Headache, and Loss
of Appetite, had so weakened and debili-
tated my system, that I was obliged to give
up work. After being under the doctor’s
care for two weeks, without getting any
relief, I began taking Ayer’s Pills. My
appetite and strength returned, and I was
soon enabled to resume my work, in per-

CLARKE'’S PATE

SOLD RETAIL AT ALL DRUG STORES.

ite CA and CU one
with no benefit, hi f in three months,

ont since — of same

~~~ learn the coset of any

Advertising Bureau, 10 Spruce N. ¥.
} Bend 10 cents for a 100-page pamphlet

posed line of Advertising at Geo. P. Rowell & Co.'s

VOLUME XXX., NO. 1517,

NEW AND VALUABLE BOOKS.

THOMSON'S THE LAND AND THE BOO
Land and the Book. By
D.D., Forty-five Years a Missionary in Syria and
Palestine. In Three Volames. Copiously
trated. Square 8vo, Ornamental! Cloth, $6.00; Shee
Tages, Morocco, Gilt
ay per ume. ( sold sepa-
Volume I. axp
(140 Iilustrations and Maps.)

Volume IL. Cewrxat
(130 Illustrations and Mapes.) Pucenioia.

Volame IIL. Lasanon, Damasovs,
Jornvan. (147 Dlastrationus and Maps.)

II,

“HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE” for 1885. Vol. VI.
pp- viii., 882. With about 700 Illustrations, 4to, Or-
namental Cloth, $3.50. Vols. IL, IIL, 1V., and V.
$3.50 each. Vol. L fur 1880 out of print.

HII.

THE GARROTERS. A Farce. By W1
Howe 1s, Author of “ Indian
by C. 8. Remumart. pp. 90. 8%mo, C 50 cents.

IV.

HIGGINSON’S HISTORY OF THE UNITED
STATES. A Larger History of the United States
of America to the Close of President Jackson's
Administration. By Tuomas Wertwortu Hic-
etxson, Author of “ Young Folks’ History of the
States,” by Maps, Plans,

ortraite, and ot v -» 470.
8vo, Cloth, $3.50.

Vv.

PEPPER AND SALT; or Seasoning for Young Folk.
usely Hines e Author.
Illuminated Cloth, $2.00.

VI.

THE BOY TRAVELLERS IN SOUTH AMERICA.
Adventures of Two Youths in a Journey through
Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentine
a and Chili. With Descriptions of Patagonia
and Tierra del Fuego, and Voyages upon the Amazon
and La Plata Rivers. By Tuomas W. Kwox, Author
of ‘*The Boy Travellers in the Far East,” &c.
With colored Frontiepiece and numerous I)lustra-
tious. pp. 514. Svo, Ornamental Cloth, $8.00.

sa This new volume, * Boy Travellers in South Amer-
** Boy Travellers Series ” complete, 6 vols. -
minated Cloth, $3.00 a vul.

JAPAN AND CHINA,
SIAM AND Java.
CEYLON AND

Eerrt Hory Lanp.
Arnica.
Suutu AMERiva.

VII.

CITY BALLADS. By Wut. Caruzron, Anthor of
“Farm Ballads,” “ Farm Legends,” “ Farm Festi-
Be Centennial Rhymes,” &c.

ustrated. pp. 180. uare 8yv
$2.00; Gilt Edges, $2.50.

Will Carleton’s new volu “City Ballads,’’ to-
ther with hie other fllnetraved vo
“Farm Legends,” “Farm Festivals,’’
$2.00 exch, may be had in a neat box complete,
$8.00. ‘The Set in Gilt Kdges, $10.00,

Vill.
THE BOY’S BOOK OF BATTLE LYRICS. B
Tuomas Dunn M.D., LL.D. Illustrate
pp. xii., 168. Square Svo, llluminated Cloth, $2.00.

HARPER'S HANDY SHBRIBS.

LATEST ISSUES:

OTS.
48. AND GONDOLA. By Charlotte Duv-
47. LAST DAYS AT APSWIOH. A Novel..... 25
46. TIRESIAS, AND OTHER POEMS. By Al-

fred, Lord Tennyson, D.C.L., P.L............. 25
45. IN THE MIDDLE WATOH. By W. Clark
44, THE BACHELOR VICAR OF NEWFORTH.
By Mra. J. 25
43. MRS. DYMOND. By Miss Thackeray....... 25
42, CHRISTMAS ANGEL. By B. L. Farjeon.
41. HALF-WAY. An Anglo-French Romance. . %
40, OUNCES OF PREVENTION. By Titus Maii-
39. “US.” By Mrs. Molesworth. Ilinetrated..... 25
38. A BARREN TITLE. By T. W. Speight..... 25
37. THE WANDERINGS OF UL . By
Profeseor C. Witt. With Two Illustrations. . 25
36. GOBLIN GOLD. By May Crommelin........ 25

35. IN QUARTERS WITH THE 265ru (THE
BLACK HORSE) DRAGOONS. By J. 8.Winter. 25
34. MUSICAL HISTORY. By G. A. Macfarren.. %
33. PRIMUS IN INDIS. By M. J. Colquhoun... ©
32. THE SACRED NUGGET. By B.L. Farjeon. 5
31. THE ROYAL MAIL: Its Curiosities and Ro-
mance. By James Wilson Hyde. [lustrated.. 25
30. THE GHOST’S TOUCH, &c. By Wilkie Cullivs 25

HARPER'S FRANKLIN SQUARE LIBRARY.

LATEST ISSUES. a
oTs.

506. Original Comic Written W. 8.
Or igi Operas. by

505. England under Gladstone, 1880-1886. By
Justin H. McCarthy,

604. Unfairly Won. By Nannie Power O'Donoghue. 20

508. First Person Singular. A Novel. By David

Christie Murrny. Illustrated.....
502. “Self or Bearer.” By Walter Besant......... 5°
501. The Golden Flood. By R. E. Francillow and

500. Crafe and Spade. By William Sime........ 20

499. The Mistletoe Bon Christmas, 1885. Edited
by M. BE Barappon. ith an Dlustration.......
498. What's His Offence? By the Author of “The
Two Miss ce 20
497. The Unforeseen. By Alice O’Hanlon........- 20
496. White Heather. By William Bileck.......--.
496. My Wife's Niece. By the Author of “ Dr. Edith
Romney ”.... 20

498. Mrs. Hollyer. A Novel. By G. M. Craik..... 20
492. A Strange Voyage. By W. Clark Russell.... 20

The above works sent, carriage paid, to any part of
the United States or Canada, on receipt af price.
Haeren’s Caraloeun sent on receipt of ten cents.

HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.

|
4
|
|
|
’s Pill
Ayer’s ~
Dr. J. C. Ayer & Co., Lowell, Mass.
| Sold by all Druggists.
| ~
PYRAM
PYRAMID N eS
|
|
|

1517,

RICA,
rough
entine
gonia
nazon
juthor
&c.
ustra-

A mer-
», Lilu-

S::

By

=

BR RRR FS

&
=:

JANUARY 16, 1886.

HARPER'S WEEKLY.

\
= —
-

Wovtp-se Recrvir. “ Now, Mr. Sergeant, you’ve told me all about the pay and clothing, and
all that. How is it about the grub ?—the food, you know %”’

Seraeant. “ Well, that there depinds largely appan wheer ye go. If ye jine my batthery—
that’s—av the Phift’—I won't desave ye, for ye’ll foind it out soon enough yerself—if ye coom

t’ my batthery ye'll be compelled to ate yer mince pie cowld.”

RECENT PUBLICATIONS.
INVEST ONE CENT

For a Postal Card, and send for a FREE Sample copy of

THE DETROIT FREE PRESS

And a Catalogue of their great Combination and Pre-
mium Offers. No paper gives so much for a little money.

DO IT AT ONCE.
The New York Tribune

Is an Aggressive Republican Paper for the Whole
Country and allthe People. For farmera, Tux Werk:.y
is unexcelled, Tar Trinune advocates a Protective
Tariff, and pays the highest prices to ite own men in
New York City. Tur Tetsun« will print during 1886
about 25 War Stories, and it offers $250 and $100 in
cash for the best stories. Agentswanted. Tus Werx-
LY, $1.00a year, in clube; Semi-W eex y, $2.00, in clubs.

TELEPHONES SOLD.

ental fees to

enaibilases prevents

laries; saves many steps, and is

just what every business man and far-

tores, houses, depots, fac-

The wand and reliable
warranted to work.

experience

Wit. NORTON.

DANCING.

AND ITS

Relations to Edncation and Social Life.

With a New Method of Instruction, including a
Complete Guide to the Cotillion (German),
with 250 Figures. By Atten Dopworrn.
Illustrated. pp. vi.,278. 12mo, Cloth, $1.50.

The work seems to lack nothing that —_ b of
service to the learner. —Journal
Mr. Dodworth has supplied ‘an
authoritative aa on dancing. ... In all respecte the
ook is thorou ractical, and deserves the atten-
tion of those w “4 sh to atiain a knowledge of fas
— and proper methods of dancing.— Boston Tran-

e describes thoronghly, and in detail, all the dif-
ferent kinds of dances now or in the past in vogue,
and it would seem tw be quite ible to learn to
dance from a careful study of his Instructions without
the aid of a teacher. The thonghts upon conduct,
manners, morals, and influence are origiual uud worthy
of careful readi ug.—Buston Post.

The above work sent, carriage paid, to any part of
the United Siates or Canada, on receipt of $1.50.
Hawren’s sent on receipt of ten cents,

HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
WwW

BY Ok 6.0. D..to
andif turned

atches and 30 per

STANDARD WATCH co.,
PITTSBURGH,

MUSIC BOXES

by H. GAU
Look ton recur & 1 & SON A, 1680 1030 Chestant st. Tails.

-DIT, MoK

SAUCE

(THE WORCESTERSHIRE)
Imparts the most delicious taste and zest to

EXTRACT
of a LETTER from
a MEDICAL GEN-
TLEMAN at Mad-
ras,to his brother
at WORCESTER,
May, 1851. “

Tell
LEA & PERRINS’
that their sauce is
highly esteemed in
India, and is in my
opinion, the most
palatable, as well
as the most whole-
some sauce
made.”

Signature is on every bottle of the genuine,

JOHN DUNCANS’ SONS, N. Y.,

AGENTS FOR THE UNITED STATES.

LIEBIG COMPANY'S EXTRACT

OF MEAT. Finest and Meat Flavoring
Stock for Soups, Made Dishes, and Sauces.
Annual Sale, 8,000,000 jars.

LIEBIG COMPANY’S EXTRACT

OF MEAT. An invainable tonic. “Is a success
and a boon for which nations should feel ; a
ful.”—See Medical Press,” Lancet,”

Genuine only with the of Baron
Signature in Bine Ink acroes the Label.
title “Baron Licbig” and photograph a...
been largely need by dealers with no connection
with Baron Liebig, the public are informed that
the se Company alone can offer the article
with Baron Liebig’s guarantee of genuinenese.

LIEBIG COMPANY'S EXTRACT

OF MEAT. To be bad of all Storekee Ne tere
and Chemists. Sole Agenta for the United States
(wholesale only), C. DAVID & CO., 9 Fenchurch
Avenue, London, England.

Sold wholesale in New York by JAMES P. byte

PARK & TILFORD, en ERRALL, & CON-

ROBBINS, THURBER, WHY-

LAND. & CO., FRANCIS iH LEGGETT & CO. , CHAS.
N. CRITTENTON, W. H. SCHIEFFEL, IN &

NATURES INCUBATOR

Best known for hatching
chicks. Its principleis just

like a hen sitting on a nest
full Cc can be
in cor’ per

05, $4, 95, 06.
Knives, Sen

P. POWELL & SON, 180 Main St. TI, oO.

cen r postage, aim! receive
veh all, of either sex, to more mon
way than anything else in t
the workers absolutely sure.
freee TRUE & CO., Maind.

| Published by HARPER & B BROTHERS,

A

A

‘
\\

DEAD

4

x

\

TURN THE DEADHEADS OUT.

Mr. Pustic Harpcasu.

“Because you don’t pay for anything, I have to pay more for everything.’

HARPER'S YOUNG PEOPLE.

A SIXTEEN-PAGE
ILLUSTRATED WEESLY FOR BOYS, AND GIRLS.

Subscription per Year, $2.00.

A sample copy sent on receipt of 3 cents in
postage stamps.

Harper’s YounG Peor.e has won tle approval
of parents and the hearts of their children. No
pleasanter or surer antidote to sensational juve-
nile literature could be placed in the hands of
youthful readers than this popular journal for
boys and girls. Pictures, the work of the fore-

ost artists and engravers, lavishly illustrate its
et and it is as attractive as fine paper and
skilful printing can make it. There is nothing
cheap about it but the price.

PRESS NOTICES.

It entertains, instructs, and charms its readers.
—Christian Intelligencer, N. Y.

As fresh and sparkling as the boys and girls
for whom it is written. A capital weekly for our
young folk.—Christian Advocate, NV. Y.

A delightful little magazine that brings joy and
gladness to the household fifty-two times a year.—
Christian Advocate, New Orleans.

A charming juvenile publication, fresh and de-
lightful as ever, dainty in dress and delightful in
spirit. A delight and a treasure in thousands of
happy homes.—Evangelist, NV. Y.

An inexhaustible source of entertainment. —
Watchman, Boston.

A favorite with all boys and girls. In this
weekly they have the best and safest reading. It
is im every deserving of its great success,—
Churchman, J.

This periodical offers a rare collection of valu-
able and instructive reading, with choice illustra-
tions and many matters of various interest for
old and young.—Observer, N. Y.

The best reading for boys and girls. —Living
Church, Chicago.

It keeps well at the head of its class.—Christian
Advocate, Richmond.

Always full of attractions and instruction for
a host of young people. An a of gen-
eral information and amusement.—Zion’s Herald,

BOUND VOLUMES.

Volume VI1., with about 700 Illustrations. pp.
viii., 832. 4to, Ornamental Cloth, $3.50. Copies
of Volumes IV. and V. on hand. Price $3.50
each. Volumes L, II., and IIL, for 1880, 1881,
1882, out of print.

HARPER'S PERIODICALS.

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with the current number.

sm” HARPER'S CATALOGUE, comprising the

titles of between three and four thonsaid volames, |

will be sent by mail on receipt of Ten Cents.

BRALNE & ARMSTRONG SP
New York. | Market St., Philadelphia, Pa.; or, 469 Broadway, N.Y,

WORCESTER’S

DICTIONARY

CIVEN AWAY!

A Pocket Dictiénary of the English een
compiled from the Quarto and Sc
Dictionaries of
JOSEPH E. WORCESTER, LL. D.,
With Foreign Words and Phrases, Abbrevia-
tions, Rules for “pelling, and
Numerous Tables.
Frofusely Illustrated. 298
Will be mailed postage paid and Free of Charge to
each reader of HARPER'S WEEKLY.
ere ‘Buy a box of DOBBINS’? ELECTRIC
a every week, and t soap Impreves DY age, 4nd 15
© BESTof ail.) Take off all the wrappers, wrap them

| up like a newspaper, and mail them to us. (Postage .

on them thus wrapped is only three cents.) After

| addressing the package to us, write across the left

GC sohand corner of it “ Return to,” etc , adding your full
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(— 7 will mail to you postage paid, and free of all expense
> oat ee Dictionaries. We refer to any
Bank or Grocer in the U. 8. as to our responsibility.

S I.L.CRACIN&CO.

Forrest Building, PHILADEL PHtA.

FSTERBROOK: STEEL

PENS.

Leading Nos.: 046, 14, 130, 135, 333, 161.
For Sale by all Stationers.
THE ESTERBROOK STEEL PEN co.,
bier N. J. 26 John St., New York.

Towe my
Restoration

to Health
Beabty
to the
CUTICURA

REMEDIES”

ISFIGURING Humors, Homiliating Eruptions,
Tortures, Eczema, Psoriasis, Scrofula,
and Infantile Humors cured by the Cotiovura Remepixa.

Cutiovka Resorvent, the new blood purifier
cleanses the blood and of impnrities and
poisonous elements, and removes the cause.

Courticuga, the great Skin Cure, instantly allays
Itching and Inflammation, clears the Skin and Scalp,
heals Ulcers, and restores the Hair.

CutTicura Soap, an exquisite Skin Beantifier is in-
dispensable in treating Skin Diseases, Baby Humors,
Skin Blemiehes, Chenges and Oily Skin.

Sold everywhere rice, Curioura, Soar, 25e.;
Resouvent, $1. Prepared he, the Porrer Duve axp
Co, ., Boston,

Send for “ow to Skin Diseases.”

& ~ Sharp. Sudden, Sciatic, Neuralgic, Rheumatic,

and Nervous Pains instantly by Cuti-
Anti-Paim Praster.

FACIAL DEVELOPMENT.

Will mail you rules to develop mus
cles - — and neck, making th: m
plum also rules for using
to develop muscle
the arms and —all for

Tro Hmbroider
CRAZY QUILTS,

Get & factory ends,called Waste
Embroidery. 40c. will buy one onnce,w hich would cost
One Dollar in Skeins. All good silk and beautiful colors.
Dexigns for 100 styles of Crazy Stitches enclosed in each
ackage. Send 40 cta in stampa or tal note to THE
SILK 621

| |
KS. |
eepa- i
Folk.
| |
|
or of
Festi-
to.
vails,"’
plete, = SOUPS,
GRAVIES,
FIsH,
BY
rated, HoT COLD
2.UU,
MEATS,
GAME, |
|
° their Telephones on lines less than 4 |
two miles in A few months’
rental buys a first-class Telephone 4d
: splendid on lines for private use on
|
5 4
mer should have t
Telephone that is sol
Chance for
~»)
™~
(NR
AW SS
SS
ISS)
ZY
S.
By
ue. 20 |
|
pd
20
a perib. A fine chance for
money. Send for circular.
‘he - Address Natures Incubator Co., Quincy, Il.
CHEAPER THAN EVER.
lever
20
w
ork.